Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Bouchard, S.; Berthiaume, M.; Robillard, G.; Forget, H.; Daudelin-Peltier, C.; Renaud, P.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
In: Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 12, 2021, ISSN: 16640640 (ISSN), (Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, article, attention disturbance, blurred vision, confounding variable, controlled study, correlational study, cybersickness, disease association, dizziness, eye movement disorder, fatigue, female, headache, human, hypersalivation, immersion, major clinical study, male, nausea, scoring system, simulator sickness, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, stomach disease, sweat gland disease, sweating, Trier Stress Social Test, vertigo, virtual reality
@article{bouchard_arguing_2021,
title = {Arguing in Favor of Revising the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire Factor Structure When Assessing Side Effects Induced by Immersions in Virtual Reality},
author = {S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Robillard and H. Forget and C. Daudelin-Peltier and P. Renaud and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119514106&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyt.2021.739742&partnerID=40&md5=83c5198937636133854ac31ad7f749a5},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739742},
issn = {16640640 (ISSN)},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
volume = {12},
abstract = {Two issues are increasingly of interest in the scientific literature regarding unwanted virtual reality (VR) induced side effects: (1) whether the latent structure of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) is comprised of two or three factors, and (2) if the SSQ measures symptoms of anxiety that can be misattributed to unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR. Study 1 was conducted with a sample of 876 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis clearly supported a two-factor model composed of nausea and oculomotor symptoms instead of the 3-factor structure observed in simulators. To tease-out symptoms of anxiety from unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR, Study 2 was conducted with 88 participants who were administered the Trier Stress Social Test in groups without being immersed in VR. A Spearman correlation showed that 11 out of 16 side effects correlated significantly with anxiety. A factor analysis revealed that items measuring general discomfort, difficulty concentrating, sweating, nausea, and vertigo loaded significantly on the anxiety factor comprised of items from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Finally, a multiple regression indicated that the items measuring general discomfort and difficulty concentrating significantly predicted increases in anxiety. The overall results support the notion that side effects associated with immersions in VR consist mostly of a nausea and an oculomotor latent structure and that a few items are confounding anxiety and cybersickness. The data support the suggestion to revise the scoring procedures of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire when using this instrument with immersions in VR. Copyright © 2021 Bouchard, Berthiaume, Robillard, Forget, Daudelin-Peltier, Renaud, Blais and Fiset.},
note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.},
keywords = {adult, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, article, attention disturbance, blurred vision, confounding variable, controlled study, correlational study, cybersickness, disease association, dizziness, eye movement disorder, fatigue, female, headache, human, hypersalivation, immersion, major clinical study, male, nausea, scoring system, simulator sickness, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, stomach disease, sweat gland disease, sweating, Trier Stress Social Test, vertigo, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Two issues are increasingly of interest in the scientific literature regarding unwanted virtual reality (VR) induced side effects: (1) whether the latent structure of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) is comprised of two or three factors, and (2) if the SSQ measures symptoms of anxiety that can be misattributed to unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR. Study 1 was conducted with a sample of 876 participants. A confirmatory factor analysis clearly supported a two-factor model composed of nausea and oculomotor symptoms instead of the 3-factor structure observed in simulators. To tease-out symptoms of anxiety from unwanted negative side effects induced by immersions in VR, Study 2 was conducted with 88 participants who were administered the Trier Stress Social Test in groups without being immersed in VR. A Spearman correlation showed that 11 out of 16 side effects correlated significantly with anxiety. A factor analysis revealed that items measuring general discomfort, difficulty concentrating, sweating, nausea, and vertigo loaded significantly on the anxiety factor comprised of items from the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Finally, a multiple regression indicated that the items measuring general discomfort and difficulty concentrating significantly predicted increases in anxiety. The overall results support the notion that side effects associated with immersions in VR consist mostly of a nausea and an oculomotor latent structure and that a few items are confounding anxiety and cybersickness. The data support the suggestion to revise the scoring procedures of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire when using this instrument with immersions in VR. Copyright © 2021 Bouchard, Berthiaume, Robillard, Forget, Daudelin-Peltier, Renaud, Blais and Fiset.