Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Guérette, J.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making Journal Article
In: Psychological Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 288–303, 2024, ISSN: 09567976 (ISSN), (Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aggression, aggressive behavior, Baseball, decision making, decision-making, human, Humans, open data, open materials, Performance, social influences, sport psychology, United States
@article{guerette_verbal_2024,
title = {Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making},
author = {J. Guérette and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85186437090&doi=10.1177%2f09567976241227411&partnerID=40&md5=966b63094c30e7194f2065ac7dd1b4fe},
doi = {10.1177/09567976241227411},
issn = {09567976 (ISSN)},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Psychological Science},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {288–303},
abstract = {Excessively criticizing a perceived unfair decision is considered to be common behavior among people seeking to restore fairness. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Using an ecological environment where excessive criticism is rampant—Major League Baseball—we assess the impact of verbal aggression on subsequent home-plate umpire decision making during the 2010 to 2019 seasons (N = 153,255 pitches). Results suggest a two-sided benefit of resorting to verbal abuse. After being excessively criticized, home-plate umpires (N = 110 adults, employed in the United States) were less likely to call strikes to batters from the complaining team and more prone to call strikes to batters on the opposing team. A series of additional analyses lead us to reject an alternative hypothesis, namely that umpires, after ejecting the aggressor, seek to compensate for the negative consequences brought on by the loss of a teammate. Rather, our findings support the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, verbal aggression may offer an advantage to complainants. © The Author(s) 2024.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.},
keywords = {adult, aggression, aggressive behavior, Baseball, decision making, decision-making, human, Humans, open data, open materials, Performance, social influences, sport psychology, United States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Excessively criticizing a perceived unfair decision is considered to be common behavior among people seeking to restore fairness. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Using an ecological environment where excessive criticism is rampant—Major League Baseball—we assess the impact of verbal aggression on subsequent home-plate umpire decision making during the 2010 to 2019 seasons (N = 153,255 pitches). Results suggest a two-sided benefit of resorting to verbal abuse. After being excessively criticized, home-plate umpires (N = 110 adults, employed in the United States) were less likely to call strikes to batters from the complaining team and more prone to call strikes to batters on the opposing team. A series of additional analyses lead us to reject an alternative hypothesis, namely that umpires, after ejecting the aggressor, seek to compensate for the negative consequences brought on by the loss of a teammate. Rather, our findings support the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, verbal aggression may offer an advantage to complainants. © The Author(s) 2024.
2.
Guérette, J.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 8 August, 2021, ISSN: 19326203, (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, behavior, Canada, Competitive Behavior, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, decision making, Hockey, home, human, Humans, ice hockey, pandemic, psychology, punishment, season, seasonal variation, stimulus, United States
@article{guerette_absence_2021,
title = {The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees},
author = {J. Guérette and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113632083&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0256568&partnerID=40&md5=c868dbaf19331d9d7b7aafbaf23139b4},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256568},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {16},
number = {8 August},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an unprecedented opportunity to study how crowds may influence penalties awarded by referees in an ecological context. Using data from playoff games played during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous 5 years (n = 547), we estimate the number of penalties called by referees depending on whether or not spectators were present. The results show an interaction between a team's status (home; away) and the presence or absence of crowds. Posthoc analyses reveal that referees awarded significantly more penalties to the away team compared to the home team when there is a crowd present. However, when there are no spectators, the number of penalties awarded to the away and home teams are not significantly different. In order to generalize these results, we took advantage of the extension of the pandemic and the unusual game setting it provided to observe the behavior of referees during the 2020-2021 regular season. Again, using data from the National Hockey League (n = 1639), but also expanding our sample to include Canadian Hockey League games (n = 1709), we also find that the advantage given to the home team by referees when in front of a crowd fades in the absence of spectators. These findings provide new evidence suggesting that social pressure does have an impact on referees' decision-making, thus contributing to explain the phenomenon of home advantage in professional ice hockey. © 2021 Guérette et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {article, behavior, Canada, Competitive Behavior, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, decision making, Hockey, home, human, Humans, ice hockey, pandemic, psychology, punishment, season, seasonal variation, stimulus, United States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an unprecedented opportunity to study how crowds may influence penalties awarded by referees in an ecological context. Using data from playoff games played during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous 5 years (n = 547), we estimate the number of penalties called by referees depending on whether or not spectators were present. The results show an interaction between a team's status (home; away) and the presence or absence of crowds. Posthoc analyses reveal that referees awarded significantly more penalties to the away team compared to the home team when there is a crowd present. However, when there are no spectators, the number of penalties awarded to the away and home teams are not significantly different. In order to generalize these results, we took advantage of the extension of the pandemic and the unusual game setting it provided to observe the behavior of referees during the 2020-2021 regular season. Again, using data from the National Hockey League (n = 1639), but also expanding our sample to include Canadian Hockey League games (n = 1709), we also find that the advantage given to the home team by referees when in front of a crowd fades in the absence of spectators. These findings provide new evidence suggesting that social pressure does have an impact on referees' decision-making, thus contributing to explain the phenomenon of home advantage in professional ice hockey. © 2021 Guérette et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
3.
Perreault, M.; Chartier-Otis, M.; Bélanger, C.; Marchand, A.; Zacchia, C.; Bouchard, S.
In: Sante Mentale au Quebec, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 187–198, 2009, ISSN: 03836320, (Publisher: Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec SMQ).
Links | BibTeX | Tags: agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, article, Canada, health care delivery, Health Services Accessibility, human, Humans, panic, Panic Disorder, Quebec, Social Behavior Disorders, sociopathy, United States
@article{perreault_panic_2009,
title = {Panic with agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder: Resort to peer helping and access to treatment [Trouble panique avec agoraphobie et trouble d'anxiété sociale: Recours aux pairs-aidants et accès au traitement]},
author = {M. Perreault and M. Chartier-Otis and C. Bélanger and A. Marchand and C. Zacchia and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649784309&doi=10.7202%2f029767ar&partnerID=40&md5=6a154fdae05cf2bff0cfbeae2c79d87e},
doi = {10.7202/029767ar},
issn = {03836320},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Sante Mentale au Quebec},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {187–198},
note = {Publisher: Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec SMQ},
keywords = {agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, article, Canada, health care delivery, Health Services Accessibility, human, Humans, panic, Panic Disorder, Quebec, Social Behavior Disorders, sociopathy, United States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}