Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Guérette, J.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making Journal Article
In: Psychological Science, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 288–303, 2024, ISSN: 09567976 (ISSN), (Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aggression, aggressive behavior, Baseball, decision making, decision-making, human, Humans, open data, open materials, Performance, social influences, sport psychology, United States
@article{guerette_verbal_2024,
title = {Verbal Aggressions Against Major League Baseball Umpires Affect Their Decision Making},
author = {J. Guérette and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85186437090&doi=10.1177%2f09567976241227411&partnerID=40&md5=966b63094c30e7194f2065ac7dd1b4fe},
doi = {10.1177/09567976241227411},
issn = {09567976 (ISSN)},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {Psychological Science},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {288–303},
abstract = {Excessively criticizing a perceived unfair decision is considered to be common behavior among people seeking to restore fairness. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Using an ecological environment where excessive criticism is rampant—Major League Baseball—we assess the impact of verbal aggression on subsequent home-plate umpire decision making during the 2010 to 2019 seasons (N = 153,255 pitches). Results suggest a two-sided benefit of resorting to verbal abuse. After being excessively criticized, home-plate umpires (N = 110 adults, employed in the United States) were less likely to call strikes to batters from the complaining team and more prone to call strikes to batters on the opposing team. A series of additional analyses lead us to reject an alternative hypothesis, namely that umpires, after ejecting the aggressor, seek to compensate for the negative consequences brought on by the loss of a teammate. Rather, our findings support the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, verbal aggression may offer an advantage to complainants. © The Author(s) 2024.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.},
keywords = {adult, aggression, aggressive behavior, Baseball, decision making, decision-making, human, Humans, open data, open materials, Performance, social influences, sport psychology, United States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Excessively criticizing a perceived unfair decision is considered to be common behavior among people seeking to restore fairness. However, the effectiveness of this strategy remains unclear. Using an ecological environment where excessive criticism is rampant—Major League Baseball—we assess the impact of verbal aggression on subsequent home-plate umpire decision making during the 2010 to 2019 seasons (N = 153,255 pitches). Results suggest a two-sided benefit of resorting to verbal abuse. After being excessively criticized, home-plate umpires (N = 110 adults, employed in the United States) were less likely to call strikes to batters from the complaining team and more prone to call strikes to batters on the opposing team. A series of additional analyses lead us to reject an alternative hypothesis, namely that umpires, after ejecting the aggressor, seek to compensate for the negative consequences brought on by the loss of a teammate. Rather, our findings support the hypothesis that, under certain conditions, verbal aggression may offer an advantage to complainants. © The Author(s) 2024.
2.
Guérette, J.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 16, no. 8 August, 2021, ISSN: 19326203, (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, behavior, Canada, Competitive Behavior, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, decision making, Hockey, home, human, Humans, ice hockey, pandemic, psychology, punishment, season, seasonal variation, stimulus, United States
@article{guerette_absence_2021,
title = {The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees},
author = {J. Guérette and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113632083&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0256568&partnerID=40&md5=c868dbaf19331d9d7b7aafbaf23139b4},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0256568},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {16},
number = {8 August},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an unprecedented opportunity to study how crowds may influence penalties awarded by referees in an ecological context. Using data from playoff games played during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous 5 years (n = 547), we estimate the number of penalties called by referees depending on whether or not spectators were present. The results show an interaction between a team's status (home; away) and the presence or absence of crowds. Posthoc analyses reveal that referees awarded significantly more penalties to the away team compared to the home team when there is a crowd present. However, when there are no spectators, the number of penalties awarded to the away and home teams are not significantly different. In order to generalize these results, we took advantage of the extension of the pandemic and the unusual game setting it provided to observe the behavior of referees during the 2020-2021 regular season. Again, using data from the National Hockey League (n = 1639), but also expanding our sample to include Canadian Hockey League games (n = 1709), we also find that the advantage given to the home team by referees when in front of a crowd fades in the absence of spectators. These findings provide new evidence suggesting that social pressure does have an impact on referees' decision-making, thus contributing to explain the phenomenon of home advantage in professional ice hockey. © 2021 Guérette et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {article, behavior, Canada, Competitive Behavior, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, decision making, Hockey, home, human, Humans, ice hockey, pandemic, psychology, punishment, season, seasonal variation, stimulus, United States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an unprecedented opportunity to study how crowds may influence penalties awarded by referees in an ecological context. Using data from playoff games played during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous 5 years (n = 547), we estimate the number of penalties called by referees depending on whether or not spectators were present. The results show an interaction between a team's status (home; away) and the presence or absence of crowds. Posthoc analyses reveal that referees awarded significantly more penalties to the away team compared to the home team when there is a crowd present. However, when there are no spectators, the number of penalties awarded to the away and home teams are not significantly different. In order to generalize these results, we took advantage of the extension of the pandemic and the unusual game setting it provided to observe the behavior of referees during the 2020-2021 regular season. Again, using data from the National Hockey League (n = 1639), but also expanding our sample to include Canadian Hockey League games (n = 1709), we also find that the advantage given to the home team by referees when in front of a crowd fades in the absence of spectators. These findings provide new evidence suggesting that social pressure does have an impact on referees' decision-making, thus contributing to explain the phenomenon of home advantage in professional ice hockey. © 2021 Guérette et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
3.
Charbonneau, I.; Robinson, K.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
Implicit race attitudes modulate visual information extraction for trustworthiness judgments Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 9 September, 2020, ISSN: 19326203, (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, African American, African Americans, article, Attitude, Caucasian, decision making, Ethics, European Continental Ancestry Group, extraction, eyelash, Facial Expression, facies, female, human, Humans, Judgment, male, perception, physiology, psychology, Racism, Social Perception, Stereotyping, visual information, wrinkle, Young Adult
@article{charbonneau_implicit_2020,
title = {Implicit race attitudes modulate visual information extraction for trustworthiness judgments},
author = {I. Charbonneau and K. Robinson and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091622106&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0239305&partnerID=40&md5=18ca2332affc9cb41d17afc8c450b0b4},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0239305},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {15},
number = {9 September},
abstract = {Black people are still considered to be one of the most stigmatized groups and have to face multiple prejudices that undermine their well-being. Assumptions and beliefs about other racial groups are quite pervasive and have been shown to impact basic social tasks such as face processing. For example, individuals with high racial prejudice conceptualize other-race faces as less trustworthy and more criminal. However, it is unknown if implicit racial bias could modulate even low-level perceptual mechanisms such as spatial frequency (SF) extraction when judging the level of trustworthiness of other-race faces. The present study showed that although similar facial features are used to judge the trustworthiness of White and Black faces, own-race faces are processed in lower SF (i.e. coarse information such as the contour of the face and blurred shapes as opposed to high SF representing fine-grained information such as eyelashes or fine wrinkles). This pattern was modulated by implicit race biases: higher implicit biases are associated with a significantly higher reliance on low SF with White than with Black faces. Copyright: © 2020 Charbonneau et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {adult, African American, African Americans, article, Attitude, Caucasian, decision making, Ethics, European Continental Ancestry Group, extraction, eyelash, Facial Expression, facies, female, human, Humans, Judgment, male, perception, physiology, psychology, Racism, Social Perception, Stereotyping, visual information, wrinkle, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Black people are still considered to be one of the most stigmatized groups and have to face multiple prejudices that undermine their well-being. Assumptions and beliefs about other racial groups are quite pervasive and have been shown to impact basic social tasks such as face processing. For example, individuals with high racial prejudice conceptualize other-race faces as less trustworthy and more criminal. However, it is unknown if implicit racial bias could modulate even low-level perceptual mechanisms such as spatial frequency (SF) extraction when judging the level of trustworthiness of other-race faces. The present study showed that although similar facial features are used to judge the trustworthiness of White and Black faces, own-race faces are processed in lower SF (i.e. coarse information such as the contour of the face and blurred shapes as opposed to high SF representing fine-grained information such as eyelashes or fine wrinkles). This pattern was modulated by implicit race biases: higher implicit biases are associated with a significantly higher reliance on low SF with White than with Black faces. Copyright: © 2020 Charbonneau et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
4.
Benbouriche, M.; Nolet, K.; Trottier, D.; Renaud, P.
Virtual Reality applications in forensic psychiatry Proceedings Article
In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Association for Computing Machinery, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4503-2626-1.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Applications, brain computer interface, Decision makers, decision making, Diseases, Forensic psychiatry, Forensic science, Mental health, Mental illness, Self regulation, Theoretical points, virtual reality, VR applications
@inproceedings{benbouriche_virtual_2014,
title = {Virtual Reality applications in forensic psychiatry},
author = {M. Benbouriche and K. Nolet and D. Trottier and P. Renaud},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940036083&doi=10.1145%2f2617841.2620692&partnerID=40&md5=d2e1afa9192884a500dcee9a29f9e758},
doi = {10.1145/2617841.2620692},
isbn = {978-1-4503-2626-1},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
booktitle = {ACM International Conference Proceeding Series},
volume = {2014-April},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
abstract = {Violent offending behaviours remain an important issue in particular when associated with mental illness. To prevent recidivism and protect society, investments are required to develop new tools that would provide decision makers with a better understanding of violent behaviours and ultimately improve treatment options for violent offenders. Recently, Virtual Reality (VR) is gaining recognition as promising tool in forensic psychiatry. Amongst other things, VR allows a renewal from both methodological and theoretical points of view. The aim of this paper is to introduce VR applications in the context of forensic psychiatry. After a brief introduction to the purpose of forensic psychiatry, examples will be given in order to illustrate how VR can help address some of the field's current issues.},
keywords = {Applications, brain computer interface, Decision makers, decision making, Diseases, Forensic psychiatry, Forensic science, Mental health, Mental illness, Self regulation, Theoretical points, virtual reality, VR applications},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Violent offending behaviours remain an important issue in particular when associated with mental illness. To prevent recidivism and protect society, investments are required to develop new tools that would provide decision makers with a better understanding of violent behaviours and ultimately improve treatment options for violent offenders. Recently, Virtual Reality (VR) is gaining recognition as promising tool in forensic psychiatry. Amongst other things, VR allows a renewal from both methodological and theoretical points of view. The aim of this paper is to introduce VR applications in the context of forensic psychiatry. After a brief introduction to the purpose of forensic psychiatry, examples will be given in order to illustrate how VR can help address some of the field's current issues.
5.
Allili, M. S.; Ziou, D.
A Bayesian approach for weighting boundary and region information for segmentation Journal Article
In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 3708 LNCS, pp. 468–475, 2005, ISSN: 03029743, (ISBN: 354029032X; 9783540290322 Place: Antwerp).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adaptive systems, Bayesian approach, Boundary localization, Boundary value problems, decision making, Image segmentation, Lighting, Parameter estimation, Segmentation, Textures, Variational image segmentation
@article{allili_bayesian_2005,
title = {A Bayesian approach for weighting boundary and region information for segmentation},
author = {M. S. Allili and D. Ziou},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646174288&doi=10.1007%2f11558484_59&partnerID=40&md5=e98b02fbcf69f8acda0b171ce009d5ff},
doi = {10.1007/11558484_59},
issn = {03029743},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)},
volume = {3708 LNCS},
pages = {468–475},
abstract = {Variational image segmentation combining boundary and region information was and still is the subject of many recent works. This combination is usually subject to arbitrary weighting parameters that control the boundary and region features contribution during the segmentation. However, since the objective functions of the boundary and the region features is different in nature, their arbitrary combination may conduct to local conflicts that stem principally from abrupt illumination changes or the presence of texture inside the regions. In the present paper, we investigate an adaptive estimation of the weighting parameters (hyper-parameters) on the regions data during the segmentation by using a Bayesian method. This permits to give adequate contributions of the boundary and region features to segmentation decision making for pixels and, therefore, improving the accuracy of region boundary localization. We validated the approach on examples of real world images. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.},
note = {ISBN: 354029032X; 9783540290322
Place: Antwerp},
keywords = {Adaptive systems, Bayesian approach, Boundary localization, Boundary value problems, decision making, Image segmentation, Lighting, Parameter estimation, Segmentation, Textures, Variational image segmentation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Variational image segmentation combining boundary and region information was and still is the subject of many recent works. This combination is usually subject to arbitrary weighting parameters that control the boundary and region features contribution during the segmentation. However, since the objective functions of the boundary and the region features is different in nature, their arbitrary combination may conduct to local conflicts that stem principally from abrupt illumination changes or the presence of texture inside the regions. In the present paper, we investigate an adaptive estimation of the weighting parameters (hyper-parameters) on the regions data during the segmentation by using a Bayesian method. This permits to give adequate contributions of the boundary and region features to segmentation decision making for pixels and, therefore, improving the accuracy of region boundary localization. We validated the approach on examples of real world images. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.
6.
Bouchard, S.; Morin, F.; Bédard, G.; Gauthier, J.; Paradis, J.; Cormier, Y.
Farmer's lung and variables related to the decision to quit farming Journal Article
In: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 152, no. 3, pp. 997–1002, 1995, ISSN: 1073449X (ISSN), (Publisher: American Thoracic Society).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, article, clinical article, controlled study, decision making, farmer lung, female, human, job performance, male, patient attitude, priority journal, work capacity, work disability
@article{bouchard_farmers_1995,
title = {Farmer's lung and variables related to the decision to quit farming},
author = {S. Bouchard and F. Morin and G. Bédard and J. Gauthier and J. Paradis and Y. Cormier},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029089350&doi=10.1164%2fajrccm.152.3.7663816&partnerID=40&md5=4edace114622a2615670f1ef668fd61a},
doi = {10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663816},
issn = {1073449X (ISSN)},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine},
volume = {152},
number = {3},
pages = {997–1002},
abstract = {An exploratory strategy was used to investigate why 55% of patients with farmer's lung (FL) disease quit farming. Three groups were recruited: 47 patients with FL disease who quit farming because of the disease (FLq), 76 patients with FL disease who continued farming (FLc), and 123 control farmers without a history of FL disease. The severity of FL disease at diagnosis was similar in both groups of patients. For example, single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity predicted for FLq and FLc was 64.4 ± 28.2 and 63.9 ± 22.0, respectively. Relying on a cognitive-behavior theory, numerous physiological, behavioral, cognitive, affective, and social variables were assessed. Results showed that the decision to quit farming was based on cognitive and behavioral motives rather than physiological factors. Subjects in the FLq group showed more negative beliefs toward FL and had more fears of FL disease. FLq subjects also reported that family members, friends, and family doctors were more inclined to consider that FL disease could stop them from farming. However, self-efficacy to continue farming despite having FL disease and perceived hindrance caused by FL disease played the most important roles in the decision to quit farming.},
note = {Publisher: American Thoracic Society},
keywords = {adult, aged, article, clinical article, controlled study, decision making, farmer lung, female, human, job performance, male, patient attitude, priority journal, work capacity, work disability},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An exploratory strategy was used to investigate why 55% of patients with farmer's lung (FL) disease quit farming. Three groups were recruited: 47 patients with FL disease who quit farming because of the disease (FLq), 76 patients with FL disease who continued farming (FLc), and 123 control farmers without a history of FL disease. The severity of FL disease at diagnosis was similar in both groups of patients. For example, single-breath carbon monoxide diffusion capacity predicted for FLq and FLc was 64.4 ± 28.2 and 63.9 ± 22.0, respectively. Relying on a cognitive-behavior theory, numerous physiological, behavioral, cognitive, affective, and social variables were assessed. Results showed that the decision to quit farming was based on cognitive and behavioral motives rather than physiological factors. Subjects in the FLq group showed more negative beliefs toward FL and had more fears of FL disease. FLq subjects also reported that family members, friends, and family doctors were more inclined to consider that FL disease could stop them from farming. However, self-efficacy to continue farming despite having FL disease and perceived hindrance caused by FL disease played the most important roles in the decision to quit farming.