Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Pétrin, R.; Bérubé, A.; St-Pierre, É.; Blais, C.
Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children’s emotional facial expressions Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 19, no. 5 May, 2024, ISSN: 19326203 (ISSN), (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, alcohol consumption, analysis of variance, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, demographics, electrocardiogram, Electrocardiography, emotion, Emotional Abuse, Emotions, Ethnicity, Facial Expression, female, Heart Rate, heart rate variability, human, human experiment, Humans, Likert scale, male, mother, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, parasympathetic tone, physical activity, physiology, post hoc analysis, psychology, questionnaire, sexual abuse, Surveys and Questionnaires
@article{petrin_maternal_2024,
title = {Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children’s emotional facial expressions},
author = {R. Pétrin and A. Bérubé and É. St-Pierre and C. Blais},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192637581&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0302782&partnerID=40&md5=c464b30fe7cc5b7b0baaf865fdf1f6de},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0302782},
issn = {19326203 (ISSN)},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {19},
number = {5 May},
abstract = {Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child’s emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents’ physiological reactions to their children’s vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children’s facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants’ electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children’s faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children’s facial expressions of emotions, while the other group’s HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers’ cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children’s facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment. © 2024 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {adult, alcohol consumption, analysis of variance, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, demographics, electrocardiogram, Electrocardiography, emotion, Emotional Abuse, Emotions, Ethnicity, Facial Expression, female, Heart Rate, heart rate variability, human, human experiment, Humans, Likert scale, male, mother, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, parasympathetic tone, physical activity, physiology, post hoc analysis, psychology, questionnaire, sexual abuse, Surveys and Questionnaires},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child’s emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents’ physiological reactions to their children’s vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children’s facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants’ electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children’s faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children’s facial expressions of emotions, while the other group’s HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers’ cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children’s facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment. © 2024 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.
2.
Banville, F.; Milhomme, D.; Perron, A.; Pinard, J.; Houle, J.; Therrien, D.; Peguero-Rodriguez, G.; Charette, S.; Ménélas, B. -A.; Trépanier, M.; Bouchard, S.
Using Virtual Reality to Improve Nurses’ Students’ Clinical Surveillance in a Critical Care Context: A Psychological Perspective on Learning Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, vol. 21, pp. 245–251, 2023, ISSN: 15548716, (Publisher: Interactive Media Institute).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, clinical monitoring, cognition, controlled study, cybersickness, female, human, human experiment, intensive care, intensive care unit, interview, male, normal human, nursing student, psychological aspect, qualitative analysis, qualitative research, recovery room, skill, virtual reality
@article{banville_using_2023,
title = {Using Virtual Reality to Improve Nurses’ Students’ Clinical Surveillance in a Critical Care Context: A Psychological Perspective on Learning},
author = {F. Banville and D. Milhomme and A. Perron and J. Pinard and J. Houle and D. Therrien and G. Peguero-Rodriguez and S. Charette and B. -A. Ménélas and M. Trépanier and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182468511&partnerID=40&md5=65f6f32f45ade940105c06386edd7a1c},
issn = {15548716},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
volume = {21},
pages = {245–251},
abstract = {Nurse’s clinical judgement is important to provide optimal and safe care, particularly in a critical care unit. Clinical surveillance is an activity that nurses use every day and which requires crucial components to manage patients' risk of complications. To carry out this process, several cognitive functions and psychological attitudes are needed such as information and attention processing, judgement, decision-making, stress, and anxiety regulation. Since 2018, Milhomme, Banville et al. have been working to develop a Virtual Care Unit (VCU), using immersive virtual reality, intended to train future nurses to improve their competence towards clinical surveillance process skills. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to determine the pertinence to use VCU simulation with graduating nurses’ students to improve clinical surveillance skills in a critical care context. Thirteen nursing students were recruited to test the scenario through the VCU. Participants were instructed to carry surveillance process on a specific patient who suffer of an instability after a surgery. An interview guide of 11 questions was used for the data collection. The results show there are 10 facilitating and 9 restricting factors in the VCU that may play a role in nursing students’ learning clinical surveillance processes. Among these elements, four of them have an important link with a psychological perspective: 1) sense of presence; 2) cybersickness; 3) reflexive environment; 4) stress reduction. Results show an important contribution of several cognitive function in the clinical surveillance process learning by the virtual reality technology. © 2023, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Interactive Media Institute},
keywords = {article, clinical monitoring, cognition, controlled study, cybersickness, female, human, human experiment, intensive care, intensive care unit, interview, male, normal human, nursing student, psychological aspect, qualitative analysis, qualitative research, recovery room, skill, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nurse’s clinical judgement is important to provide optimal and safe care, particularly in a critical care unit. Clinical surveillance is an activity that nurses use every day and which requires crucial components to manage patients' risk of complications. To carry out this process, several cognitive functions and psychological attitudes are needed such as information and attention processing, judgement, decision-making, stress, and anxiety regulation. Since 2018, Milhomme, Banville et al. have been working to develop a Virtual Care Unit (VCU), using immersive virtual reality, intended to train future nurses to improve their competence towards clinical surveillance process skills. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to determine the pertinence to use VCU simulation with graduating nurses’ students to improve clinical surveillance skills in a critical care context. Thirteen nursing students were recruited to test the scenario through the VCU. Participants were instructed to carry surveillance process on a specific patient who suffer of an instability after a surgery. An interview guide of 11 questions was used for the data collection. The results show there are 10 facilitating and 9 restricting factors in the VCU that may play a role in nursing students’ learning clinical surveillance processes. Among these elements, four of them have an important link with a psychological perspective: 1) sense of presence; 2) cybersickness; 3) reflexive environment; 4) stress reduction. Results show an important contribution of several cognitive function in the clinical surveillance process learning by the virtual reality technology. © 2023, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.
3.
Joudeh, I. O.; Cretu, A. -M.; Bouchard, S.; Guimond, S.
Prediction of Emotional States from Partial Facial Features for Virtual Reality Applications Journal Article
In: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, vol. 21, pp. 17–21, 2023, ISSN: 15548716, (Publisher: Interactive Media Institute).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arousal, article, clinical article, convolutional neural network, correlation coefficient, data base, emotion, facies, female, human, human experiment, Image processing, long short term memory network, male, random forest, residual neural network, root mean squared error, videorecording, virtual reality
@article{joudeh_prediction_2023-1,
title = {Prediction of Emotional States from Partial Facial Features for Virtual Reality Applications},
author = {I. O. Joudeh and A. -M. Cretu and S. Bouchard and S. Guimond},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182471413&partnerID=40&md5=8190e0dbb5b48ae508515f4029b0a0d1},
issn = {15548716},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
volume = {21},
pages = {17–21},
abstract = {The availability of virtual reality (VR) in numerous clinical contexts has been made possible by recent technological advancements. One application is using VR for cognitive interventions with individuals who have mental disorders. Predicting the emotional states of users could help to prevent their discouragement during VR interventions. We can monitor the emotional states of individuals using sensors like an external camera, as they engage in various tasks within VR environments. The emotional state of VR users can be measured through arousal and valence, as per the Circumplex model. We used the Remote Collaborative and Affective Interactions (RECOLA) database of emotional behaviours. We processed video frames from 18 RECOLA videos. Due to the headset in VR systems, we detected faces and cropped the images of faces to use the lower half of the face only. We labeled the images with arousal and valence values to reflect various emotions. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), specifically MobileNet-v2 and ResNets-18, were then used to predict arousal and valence values. MobileNet-v2 outperforms ResNet-18 as well as others from the literature. We achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), and Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.1495, 0.6387, and 0.6081 for arousal, and 0.0996, 0.6453, and 0.6232 for valence. Our work acts as a proof-of-concept for predicting emotional states from arousal and valence values via visual data of users immersed in VR experiences. In the future, predicted emotions could be used to automatically adjust the VR environment for individuals engaged in cognitive interventions. © 2023, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Interactive Media Institute},
keywords = {Arousal, article, clinical article, convolutional neural network, correlation coefficient, data base, emotion, facies, female, human, human experiment, Image processing, long short term memory network, male, random forest, residual neural network, root mean squared error, videorecording, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The availability of virtual reality (VR) in numerous clinical contexts has been made possible by recent technological advancements. One application is using VR for cognitive interventions with individuals who have mental disorders. Predicting the emotional states of users could help to prevent their discouragement during VR interventions. We can monitor the emotional states of individuals using sensors like an external camera, as they engage in various tasks within VR environments. The emotional state of VR users can be measured through arousal and valence, as per the Circumplex model. We used the Remote Collaborative and Affective Interactions (RECOLA) database of emotional behaviours. We processed video frames from 18 RECOLA videos. Due to the headset in VR systems, we detected faces and cropped the images of faces to use the lower half of the face only. We labeled the images with arousal and valence values to reflect various emotions. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), specifically MobileNet-v2 and ResNets-18, were then used to predict arousal and valence values. MobileNet-v2 outperforms ResNet-18 as well as others from the literature. We achieved a root mean squared error (RMSE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC), and Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.1495, 0.6387, and 0.6081 for arousal, and 0.0996, 0.6453, and 0.6232 for valence. Our work acts as a proof-of-concept for predicting emotional states from arousal and valence values via visual data of users immersed in VR experiences. In the future, predicted emotions could be used to automatically adjust the VR environment for individuals engaged in cognitive interventions. © 2023, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.
4.
Gingras, F.; Estéphan, A.; Fiset, D.; Lingnan, H.; Caldara, R.; Blais, C.
Differences in eye movements for face recognition between Canadian and Chinese participants are not modulated by social orientation Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 18, no. 12 December, 2023, ISSN: 19326203 (ISSN), (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, Asian, Asian People, Canada, Canadian, China, Chinese, clinical article, Diagnosis, East Asian, eye movement, Eye movements, Facial Recognition, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, North American, Orientation, questionnaire, social value, vision
@article{gingras_differences_2023,
title = {Differences in eye movements for face recognition between Canadian and Chinese participants are not modulated by social orientation},
author = {F. Gingras and A. Estéphan and D. Fiset and H. Lingnan and R. Caldara and C. Blais},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179766751&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0295256&partnerID=40&md5=34499ca3a094ccf3937f07a1fb177c82},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0295256},
issn = {19326203 (ISSN)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {18},
number = {12 December},
abstract = {Face recognition strategies do not generalize across individuals. Many studies have reported robust cultural differences between West Europeans/North Americans and East Asians in eye movement strategies during face recognition. The social orientation hypothesis posits that individualistic vs. collectivistic (IND/COL) value systems, respectively defining West European/North American and East Asian societies, would be at the root of many cultural differences in visual perception. Whether social orientation is also responsible for such cultural contrast in face recognition remains to be clarified. To this aim, we conducted two experiments with West European/North American and Chinese observers. In Experiment 1, we probed the existence of a link between IND/COL social values and eye movements during face recognition, by using an IND/COL priming paradigm. In Experiment 2, we dissected the latter relationship in greater depth, by using two IND/COL questionnaires, including subdimensions to those concepts. In both studies, cultural differences in fixation patterns were revealed between West European/North American and East Asian observers. Priming IND/ COL values did not modulate eye movement visual sampling strategies, and only specific subdimensions of the IND/COL questionnaires were associated with distinct eye-movement patterns. Altogether, we show that the typical contrast between IND/COL cannot fully account for cultural differences in eye movement strategies for face recognition. Cultural differences in eye movements for faces might originate from mechanisms distinct from social orientation. © 2023 Gingras et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {adult, article, Asian, Asian People, Canada, Canadian, China, Chinese, clinical article, Diagnosis, East Asian, eye movement, Eye movements, Facial Recognition, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, North American, Orientation, questionnaire, social value, vision},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Face recognition strategies do not generalize across individuals. Many studies have reported robust cultural differences between West Europeans/North Americans and East Asians in eye movement strategies during face recognition. The social orientation hypothesis posits that individualistic vs. collectivistic (IND/COL) value systems, respectively defining West European/North American and East Asian societies, would be at the root of many cultural differences in visual perception. Whether social orientation is also responsible for such cultural contrast in face recognition remains to be clarified. To this aim, we conducted two experiments with West European/North American and Chinese observers. In Experiment 1, we probed the existence of a link between IND/COL social values and eye movements during face recognition, by using an IND/COL priming paradigm. In Experiment 2, we dissected the latter relationship in greater depth, by using two IND/COL questionnaires, including subdimensions to those concepts. In both studies, cultural differences in fixation patterns were revealed between West European/North American and East Asian observers. Priming IND/ COL values did not modulate eye movement visual sampling strategies, and only specific subdimensions of the IND/COL questionnaires were associated with distinct eye-movement patterns. Altogether, we show that the typical contrast between IND/COL cannot fully account for cultural differences in eye movement strategies for face recognition. Cultural differences in eye movements for faces might originate from mechanisms distinct from social orientation. © 2023 Gingras et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
5.
Plouffe-Demers, M. -P.; Saumure, C.; Fiset, D.; Cormier, S.; Blais, C.
Facial Expression of Pain: Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Varying Intensities Journal Article
In: Emotion, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1254–1266, 2022, ISSN: 15283542 (ISSN), (Publisher: American Psychological Association).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, controlled study, data-driven methods, effect size, Empathy, Facial Expression, facial expressions, female, human, human experiment, information processing, male, normal human, Pain, pain intensity, qualitative research, sample size, sex difference, sex differences, vision, visual acuity, visual information, Visual Perception
@article{plouffe-demers_facial_2022,
title = {Facial Expression of Pain: Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Varying Intensities},
author = {M. -P. Plouffe-Demers and C. Saumure and D. Fiset and S. Cormier and C. Blais},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138214204&doi=10.1037%2femo0001156&partnerID=40&md5=d5063c7ab05722c16694952ac5d53027},
doi = {10.1037/emo0001156},
issn = {15283542 (ISSN)},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Emotion},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {1254–1266},
abstract = {It has been proposed that women are better than men at recognizing emotions and pain experienced by others. They have also been shown to be more sensitive to variations in pain expressions. The objective of the present study was to explore the perceptual basis of these sexual differences by comparing the visual information used by men and women to discriminate between different intensities of pain facial expressions. Using the data-driven Bubbles method, we were able to corroborate the woman advantage in the discrimination of pain intensities that did not appear to be explained by variations in empathic tendencies. In terms of visual strategies, our results do not indicate any qualitative differences in the facial regions used by men and women. However, they suggest that women rely on larger regions of the face that seems to completely mediate their advantage. This utilization of larger clusters could indicate either that women integrate simultaneously and more efficiently information coming from different areas of the face or that they are more flexible in the utilization of the information present in these clusters. Women would then opt for a more holistic or flexible processing of the facial information, while men would rely on a specific yet rigid integration strategy. © 2022 American Psychological Association},
note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association},
keywords = {adult, article, controlled study, data-driven methods, effect size, Empathy, Facial Expression, facial expressions, female, human, human experiment, information processing, male, normal human, Pain, pain intensity, qualitative research, sample size, sex difference, sex differences, vision, visual acuity, visual information, Visual Perception},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It has been proposed that women are better than men at recognizing emotions and pain experienced by others. They have also been shown to be more sensitive to variations in pain expressions. The objective of the present study was to explore the perceptual basis of these sexual differences by comparing the visual information used by men and women to discriminate between different intensities of pain facial expressions. Using the data-driven Bubbles method, we were able to corroborate the woman advantage in the discrimination of pain intensities that did not appear to be explained by variations in empathic tendencies. In terms of visual strategies, our results do not indicate any qualitative differences in the facial regions used by men and women. However, they suggest that women rely on larger regions of the face that seems to completely mediate their advantage. This utilization of larger clusters could indicate either that women integrate simultaneously and more efficiently information coming from different areas of the face or that they are more flexible in the utilization of the information present in these clusters. Women would then opt for a more holistic or flexible processing of the facial information, while men would rely on a specific yet rigid integration strategy. © 2022 American Psychological Association
6.
Léveillé, E.; Desjardins, M.; Dumel, G.; Blais, C.; Saint-Amour, D.; Scherzer, P.; Beaumont, L. De
Effects of Emotion and Emotional Ambiguity on Early Visual Event-Related Potentials Journal Article
In: Emotion, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 787–804, 2022, ISSN: 15283542 (ISSN), (Publisher: American Psychological Association).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, Brain, clinical article, controlled study, Electroencephalography, electroencephalography (EEG), emotion, emotional facial expression (EFE), event related potential, event-related potential (ERP), Facial Expression, female, human, human experiment, male, mass univariate statistics, photography, univariate analysis
@article{leveille_effects_2022,
title = {Effects of Emotion and Emotional Ambiguity on Early Visual Event-Related Potentials},
author = {E. Léveillé and M. Desjardins and G. Dumel and C. Blais and D. Saint-Amour and P. Scherzer and L. De Beaumont},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135853427&doi=10.1037%2femo0001119&partnerID=40&md5=7e89d6dee0b96766b8a359a3a9be4d73},
doi = {10.1037/emo0001119},
issn = {15283542 (ISSN)},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Emotion},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {787–804},
abstract = {The modulation of early sensory event-related potentials such as the P1, N1, and N170 by emotion and emotional ambiguity is still controversial. Some studies have found a modulation of one or all of these components by one or both of these factors, whereas others have failed to show such results. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of emotion and ambiguity on the behavioral and electrophysiological responses to a morphed emotion recognition task. Thirty-seven healthy participants (19 men) completed an emotion recognition task where photographs of a male face expressing the six basic emotions morphed with another emotion (in a proportion ranging from 26% to 74%) were randomly presented while electroencephalography was recorded. After each face presentation, participants were asked to identify the facial emotion. We found an emotional effect on the P1, N1, and N170, with greater amplitudes for some emotional facial expressions than for others. However, we found no significant emotional ambiguity effect or interaction between emotion and ambiguity for any of these components. These findings suggest that computation of emotional facial expressions (regardless of their ambiguity) occurs from the early stages of brain processing. © 2022 American Psychological Association},
note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association},
keywords = {adult, article, Brain, clinical article, controlled study, Electroencephalography, electroencephalography (EEG), emotion, emotional facial expression (EFE), event related potential, event-related potential (ERP), Facial Expression, female, human, human experiment, male, mass univariate statistics, photography, univariate analysis},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The modulation of early sensory event-related potentials such as the P1, N1, and N170 by emotion and emotional ambiguity is still controversial. Some studies have found a modulation of one or all of these components by one or both of these factors, whereas others have failed to show such results. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of emotion and ambiguity on the behavioral and electrophysiological responses to a morphed emotion recognition task. Thirty-seven healthy participants (19 men) completed an emotion recognition task where photographs of a male face expressing the six basic emotions morphed with another emotion (in a proportion ranging from 26% to 74%) were randomly presented while electroencephalography was recorded. After each face presentation, participants were asked to identify the facial emotion. We found an emotional effect on the P1, N1, and N170, with greater amplitudes for some emotional facial expressions than for others. However, we found no significant emotional ambiguity effect or interaction between emotion and ambiguity for any of these components. These findings suggest that computation of emotional facial expressions (regardless of their ambiguity) occurs from the early stages of brain processing. © 2022 American Psychological Association
7.
Monthuy-Blanc, J.; Bouchard, S.; Ouellet, M.; Corno, G.; Iceta, S.; Rousseau, M.
“eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale”: Exploring the Assessment of Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 1–18, 2020, ISSN: 20770383 (ISSN), (Publisher: MDPI).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, Bodily feeling, body dissatisfaction, Body distortion, Body Size, clinical article, conception, controlled study, discriminant validity, female, human, human experiment, male, Perceptual component, rating scale, Sensation, State-and trait-BIDs, Validation, virtual reality
@article{monthuy-blanc_eloricorps_2020,
title = {“eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale”: Exploring the Assessment of Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives},
author = {J. Monthuy-Blanc and S. Bouchard and M. Ouellet and G. Corno and S. Iceta and M. Rousseau},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107195568&doi=10.3390%2fjcm9092926&partnerID=40&md5=ff9b98c6c2ee5dfd530d2c6ea9f39c85},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9092926},
issn = {20770383 (ISSN)},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {1–18},
abstract = {The first objective of this study was to test the convergent and discriminant validity between the “eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale” and the traditional paper-based figure rating scale (FRS). The second objective was to explore the contribution of the egocentric virtual reality (VR) perspective of eLoriCorps to understanding body image disturbances (BIDs). The sample consisted of 53 female and 13 male adults. Body size dissatisfaction, body size distortion, perceived body size, and ideal body size were assessed. Overall, outcomes showed good agreement between allocentric perspectives as measured via VR and the FRS. The egocentric VR perspective produced different results compared to both the allocentric VR perspective and the FRS. This difference revealed discriminant validity and suggested that eLoricorps’ egocentric VR perspective might assess something different from the traditional conception of body dissatisfaction, which an allocentric VR perspective generally assesses. Finally, the egocentric VR perspective in assessing BIDs deserves to be studied more extensively to explore the possibility of finding two types of body image distortion: (a) an egocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to internal body sensation affected by intra-individual changes, and (b) an allocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to external body benchmarks constructed by inter-individual comparison occurring in a given cultural context. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},
note = {Publisher: MDPI},
keywords = {adult, article, Bodily feeling, body dissatisfaction, Body distortion, Body Size, clinical article, conception, controlled study, discriminant validity, female, human, human experiment, male, Perceptual component, rating scale, Sensation, State-and trait-BIDs, Validation, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The first objective of this study was to test the convergent and discriminant validity between the “eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale” and the traditional paper-based figure rating scale (FRS). The second objective was to explore the contribution of the egocentric virtual reality (VR) perspective of eLoriCorps to understanding body image disturbances (BIDs). The sample consisted of 53 female and 13 male adults. Body size dissatisfaction, body size distortion, perceived body size, and ideal body size were assessed. Overall, outcomes showed good agreement between allocentric perspectives as measured via VR and the FRS. The egocentric VR perspective produced different results compared to both the allocentric VR perspective and the FRS. This difference revealed discriminant validity and suggested that eLoricorps’ egocentric VR perspective might assess something different from the traditional conception of body dissatisfaction, which an allocentric VR perspective generally assesses. Finally, the egocentric VR perspective in assessing BIDs deserves to be studied more extensively to explore the possibility of finding two types of body image distortion: (a) an egocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to internal body sensation affected by intra-individual changes, and (b) an allocentric perceptual body distortion, referring to external body benchmarks constructed by inter-individual comparison occurring in a given cultural context. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
8.
Couture, S.; Lanctôt, N.; Parent, G.; Lemieux, S.; Lemieux, A.
In: Women and Health, pp. 1052–1062, 2020, ISSN: 03630242 (ISSN), (Publisher: Routledge).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, analysis of covariance, article, Child, controlled study, delinquency, dissociation, drug dependence, drug effect, female, high risk behavior, human, human experiment, Humans, major clinical study, male, onset age, Prevalence, prostitution, Psychoactive substance use, psychology, psychotropic agent, Psychotropic Drugs, Quebec, questionnaire, rehabilitation center, residential care, Residential Facilities, residential home, risk factor, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Sex Work, Sexual Behavior, sexual exploitation, substance use, Substance-Related Disorders
@article{couture_consequences_2020,
title = {Consequences associated with the use of psychoactive substances among female adolescents placed in residential care: the role of sexual exploitation},
author = {S. Couture and N. Lanctôt and G. Parent and S. Lemieux and A. Lemieux},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087764280&doi=10.1080%2f03630242.2020.1789262&partnerID=40&md5=4340b68f807cf337f0a1abb617ed1df5},
doi = {10.1080/03630242.2020.1789262},
issn = {03630242 (ISSN)},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Women and Health},
pages = {1052–1062},
abstract = {Sexual exploitation is a major burden among female adolescents placed in residential care centers. Moreover, problematic psychoactive substance use is a concern because of its prevalence and various associated consequences. However, little is known about the consequences resulting specifically from the use of psychoactive substances among sexually exploited female adolescents. This study explored the association between sexual exploitation and the various consequences associated with substance use among adolescent female (15.3–17.1 years old) living in Quebec’s residential care centers during 2008–2009. To better understand this association, 83 sexually exploited female adolescents and 66 non-sexually exploited female adolescents responded to self-reported questionnaires. As expected, even controlling for age of onset and frequency of substance use, an ANCOVA showed that sexually exploited female adolescents experience more consequences associated with their use of psychoactive substances (F (4, 148) = 24.79, p <.001},
note = {Publisher: Routledge},
keywords = {Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, analysis of covariance, article, Child, controlled study, delinquency, dissociation, drug dependence, drug effect, female, high risk behavior, human, human experiment, Humans, major clinical study, male, onset age, Prevalence, prostitution, Psychoactive substance use, psychology, psychotropic agent, Psychotropic Drugs, Quebec, questionnaire, rehabilitation center, residential care, Residential Facilities, residential home, risk factor, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Sex Work, Sexual Behavior, sexual exploitation, substance use, Substance-Related Disorders},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sexual exploitation is a major burden among female adolescents placed in residential care centers. Moreover, problematic psychoactive substance use is a concern because of its prevalence and various associated consequences. However, little is known about the consequences resulting specifically from the use of psychoactive substances among sexually exploited female adolescents. This study explored the association between sexual exploitation and the various consequences associated with substance use among adolescent female (15.3–17.1 years old) living in Quebec’s residential care centers during 2008–2009. To better understand this association, 83 sexually exploited female adolescents and 66 non-sexually exploited female adolescents responded to self-reported questionnaires. As expected, even controlling for age of onset and frequency of substance use, an ANCOVA showed that sexually exploited female adolescents experience more consequences associated with their use of psychoactive substances (F (4, 148) = 24.79, p <.001
9.
Bérubé, A.; Blais, C.; Fournier, A.; Turgeon, J.; Forget, H.; Coutu, S.; Dubeau, D.
Childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between emotion recognition and maternal sensitive behaviors Journal Article
In: Child Abuse and Neglect, vol. 102, 2020, ISSN: 01452134 (ISSN), (Publisher: Elsevier Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, Child, Child Abuse, childhood maltreatment, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, emotion, Emotion Recognition, Emotions, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, Maternal Behavior, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, photography, physiology, Preschool, preschool child, psychology, Sensitive behaviors
@article{berube_childhood_2020,
title = {Childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between emotion recognition and maternal sensitive behaviors},
author = {A. Bérubé and C. Blais and A. Fournier and J. Turgeon and H. Forget and S. Coutu and D. Dubeau},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079890346&doi=10.1016%2fj.chiabu.2020.104432&partnerID=40&md5=05add864de22734e614fe7a34d6d6f1a},
doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104432},
issn = {01452134 (ISSN)},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Child Abuse and Neglect},
volume = {102},
abstract = {Background: Sensitivity is defined as parents ability to perceive, react and respond to children signals. Having a history of childhood maltreatment changes the way adults perceive visual emotions. These perceptual characteristics could have important consequences on how these parents respond to their children. Objective: The current study examines how a history of childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between maternal emotion recognition in child faces and sensitive behaviors toward their child during free-play and a structured task. Participants and Setting: Participants included 58 mothers and their children aged between 2 and 5 years. Methods: Mothers were exposed to a set of photographs of child faces showing morphed images of the six basic emotional expressions. Mother-child interactions were then coded for sensitive behaviors. Mothers’ history of childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: Maltreatment severity was related to poorer abilities in emotion recognition. However, the association between emotion recognition and sensitive behavior was moderate by history of childhood maltreatment. For mothers exposed to a severe form of childhood maltreatment, a better emotion recognition was related to less sensitive behaviors toward the child, both during free-play and the structured task. Conclusion: This relationship is unique to these mothers and is inconsistent with Ainsworth's definition of sensitivity. These results have important implications as they suggest mothers with a history of severe maltreatment would need tailored interventions which take into account their particular reactions to children's emotions. © 2020},
note = {Publisher: Elsevier Ltd},
keywords = {article, Child, Child Abuse, childhood maltreatment, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, emotion, Emotion Recognition, Emotions, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, Maternal Behavior, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, photography, physiology, Preschool, preschool child, psychology, Sensitive behaviors},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Sensitivity is defined as parents ability to perceive, react and respond to children signals. Having a history of childhood maltreatment changes the way adults perceive visual emotions. These perceptual characteristics could have important consequences on how these parents respond to their children. Objective: The current study examines how a history of childhood maltreatment moderates the relationship between maternal emotion recognition in child faces and sensitive behaviors toward their child during free-play and a structured task. Participants and Setting: Participants included 58 mothers and their children aged between 2 and 5 years. Methods: Mothers were exposed to a set of photographs of child faces showing morphed images of the six basic emotional expressions. Mother-child interactions were then coded for sensitive behaviors. Mothers’ history of childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results: Maltreatment severity was related to poorer abilities in emotion recognition. However, the association between emotion recognition and sensitive behavior was moderate by history of childhood maltreatment. For mothers exposed to a severe form of childhood maltreatment, a better emotion recognition was related to less sensitive behaviors toward the child, both during free-play and the structured task. Conclusion: This relationship is unique to these mothers and is inconsistent with Ainsworth's definition of sensitivity. These results have important implications as they suggest mothers with a history of severe maltreatment would need tailored interventions which take into account their particular reactions to children's emotions. © 2020
10.
Quintana, P.; Nolet, K.; Baus, O.; Bouchard, S.
The effect of exposure to fear-related body odorants on anxiety and interpersonal trust toward a virtual character Journal Article
In: Chemical Senses, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 683–692, 2019, ISSN: 0379864X, (Publisher: Oxford University Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Anxiety, article, body odor, body odorant, chemistry, controlled study, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, fragrance, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, metabolism, Middle Aged, odor, Odorants, pathology, Pleasure, priority journal, Sweat, sweating, Trust, unclassified drug, virtual reality, Young Adult
@article{quintana_effect_2019,
title = {The effect of exposure to fear-related body odorants on anxiety and interpersonal trust toward a virtual character},
author = {P. Quintana and K. Nolet and O. Baus and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074305238&doi=10.1093%2fchemse%2fbjz063&partnerID=40&md5=50ec319370e1688498abfa845c7ec343},
doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjz063},
issn = {0379864X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Senses},
volume = {44},
number = {9},
pages = {683–692},
abstract = {A growing body of literature documents how exposure to another person's fear-related body odorants can increase one's own anxiety and interfere with processing of social information, such as facial expression and impression formation. Building on these results, we aimed to 1) test the hypothesis that exposure to fear-related odorant would affect impression formation through fear contagion and 2) verify whether these effects can be observed in an ecologically valid (i.e., virtual) environment. We proposed that exposure to fear-related odorant would cause receivers to feel more anxious, which in turn would lead them to report less trust toward an unknown virtual character. This study had 2 distinct phases. First, we collected perspiration odorants from the armpits of 12 male senders (i.e., the source of the odorant) during the viewing of either fear or joy inducing film clips. In the second phase, 53 women receivers were exposed to either a fear, joy, or neutral odorant (i.e., between-subjects design) by breathing through a gauze attached to a disposable respirator mask while immersed in a virtual bar. As expected, receivers exposed to fear odorants felt significantly more stressed. Mediation analysis also revealed an indirect effect of exposure on trust through anxiety. More specifically, the more anxious the receiver felt, the less she trusted the virtual character. Our results show for the first time that the impact of exposure to fear-related body odorants on negative interpersonal impression formation is mediated by the anxiety induced in the receiver. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},
keywords = {adult, Anxiety, article, body odor, body odorant, chemistry, controlled study, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, fragrance, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, metabolism, Middle Aged, odor, Odorants, pathology, Pleasure, priority journal, Sweat, sweating, Trust, unclassified drug, virtual reality, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A growing body of literature documents how exposure to another person's fear-related body odorants can increase one's own anxiety and interfere with processing of social information, such as facial expression and impression formation. Building on these results, we aimed to 1) test the hypothesis that exposure to fear-related odorant would affect impression formation through fear contagion and 2) verify whether these effects can be observed in an ecologically valid (i.e., virtual) environment. We proposed that exposure to fear-related odorant would cause receivers to feel more anxious, which in turn would lead them to report less trust toward an unknown virtual character. This study had 2 distinct phases. First, we collected perspiration odorants from the armpits of 12 male senders (i.e., the source of the odorant) during the viewing of either fear or joy inducing film clips. In the second phase, 53 women receivers were exposed to either a fear, joy, or neutral odorant (i.e., between-subjects design) by breathing through a gauze attached to a disposable respirator mask while immersed in a virtual bar. As expected, receivers exposed to fear odorants felt significantly more stressed. Mediation analysis also revealed an indirect effect of exposure on trust through anxiety. More specifically, the more anxious the receiver felt, the less she trusted the virtual character. Our results show for the first time that the impact of exposure to fear-related body odorants on negative interpersonal impression formation is mediated by the anxiety induced in the receiver. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.