Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Pétrin, R.; Bérubé, A.; St-Pierre, É.; Blais, C.
Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children’s emotional facial expressions Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 19, no. 5 May, 2024, ISSN: 19326203 (ISSN), (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, alcohol consumption, analysis of variance, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, demographics, electrocardiogram, Electrocardiography, emotion, Emotional Abuse, Emotions, Ethnicity, Facial Expression, female, Heart Rate, heart rate variability, human, human experiment, Humans, Likert scale, male, mother, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, parasympathetic tone, physical activity, physiology, post hoc analysis, psychology, questionnaire, sexual abuse, Surveys and Questionnaires
@article{petrin_maternal_2024,
title = {Maternal childhood emotional abuse increases cardiovascular responses to children’s emotional facial expressions},
author = {R. Pétrin and A. Bérubé and É. St-Pierre and C. Blais},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192637581&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0302782&partnerID=40&md5=c464b30fe7cc5b7b0baaf865fdf1f6de},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0302782},
issn = {19326203 (ISSN)},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {19},
number = {5 May},
abstract = {Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child’s emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents’ physiological reactions to their children’s vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children’s facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants’ electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children’s faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children’s facial expressions of emotions, while the other group’s HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers’ cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children’s facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment. © 2024 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {adult, alcohol consumption, analysis of variance, article, blood pressure, cardiovascular response, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, demographics, electrocardiogram, Electrocardiography, emotion, Emotional Abuse, Emotions, Ethnicity, Facial Expression, female, Heart Rate, heart rate variability, human, human experiment, Humans, Likert scale, male, mother, mother child relation, Mother-Child Relations, Mothers, parasympathetic tone, physical activity, physiology, post hoc analysis, psychology, questionnaire, sexual abuse, Surveys and Questionnaires},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Parents with a history of childhood maltreatment may be more likely to respond inadequately to their child’s emotional cues, such as crying or screaming, due to previous exposure to prolonged stress. While studies have investigated parents’ physiological reactions to their children’s vocal expressions of emotions, less attention has been given to their responses when perceiving children’s facial expressions of emotions. The present study aimed to determine if viewing facial expressions of emotions in children induces cardiovascular changes in mothers (hypo- or hyper-arousal) and whether these differ as a function of childhood maltreatment. A total of 104 mothers took part in this study. Their experiences of childhood maltreatment were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Participants’ electrocardiogram signals were recorded during a task in which they viewed a landscape video (baseline) and images of children’s faces expressing different intensities of emotion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was extracted from the recordings as an indicator of parasympathetic reactivity. Participants presented two profiles: one group of mothers had a decreased HRV when presented with images of children’s facial expressions of emotions, while the other group’s HRV increased. However, HRV change was not significantly different between the two groups. The interaction between HRV groups and the severity of maltreatment experienced was marginal. Results suggested that experiences of childhood emotional abuse were more common in mothers whose HRV increased during the task. Therefore, more severe childhood experiences of emotional abuse could be associated with mothers’ cardiovascular hyperreactivity. Maladaptive cardiovascular responses could have a ripple effect, influencing how mothers react to their children’s facial expressions of emotions. That reaction could affect the quality of their interaction with their child. Providing interventions that help parents regulate their physiological and behavioral responses to stress might be helpful, especially if they have experienced childhood maltreatment. © 2024 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.
2.
Côté, S.; Bouchard, S.
Cognitive mechanisms underlying virtual reality exposure Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology and Behavior, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 121–129, 2009, ISSN: 10949313 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adaptation, adult, aged, Animals, arachnophobia, Arousal, article, avoidance behavior, cardiovascular response, clinical article, cognition, Culture, female, Heart Rate, human, Humans, Implosive Therapy, male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, phobia, Phobic Disorders, prediction, Psychological, questionnaire, Questionnaires, regression analysis, scoring system, Self Efficacy, spider, Spiders, structured interview, task performance, treatment outcome, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Young Adult
@article{cote_cognitive_2009,
title = {Cognitive mechanisms underlying virtual reality exposure},
author = {S. Côté and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64749106909&doi=10.1089%2fcpb.2008.0008&partnerID=40&md5=e9bd263ea9e1940b66910d9651bd119e},
doi = {10.1089/cpb.2008.0008},
issn = {10949313 (ISSN)},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology and Behavior},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {121–129},
abstract = {Many studies have assessed virtual reality exposures efficacy, but very few examined its treatment processes. The addition of objective measures of arousal and information processing mechanisms would be a valuable contribution in order to provide a more complete and detailed picture. The goal of this study was to better document the cognitive mechanisms associated with therapeutic change after an in virtuo exposure treatment. Twenty-eight adults suffering from arachnophobia were assessed and received an exposure-based treatment using virtual reality. General outcome and specific processes measures included a battery of standardized questionnaires, a pictorial emotional Stroop task, a Behavioral Avoidance Test, and a measure of participants' cardiac response while they looked at a live tarantula. The analyses showed that changes in perceived self-efficacy and dysfunctional beliefs were the best predictors of change in general outcome and cardiac response; change in dysfunctional beliefs were the best predictor of change in behavioral avoidance. These innovative results provide a very detailed and organized picture of the complex cognitive mechanisms involved in therapeutic change following in virtuo exposure for arachnophobia. © 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {Adaptation, adult, aged, Animals, arachnophobia, Arousal, article, avoidance behavior, cardiovascular response, clinical article, cognition, Culture, female, Heart Rate, human, Humans, Implosive Therapy, male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, phobia, Phobic Disorders, prediction, Psychological, questionnaire, Questionnaires, regression analysis, scoring system, Self Efficacy, spider, Spiders, structured interview, task performance, treatment outcome, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many studies have assessed virtual reality exposures efficacy, but very few examined its treatment processes. The addition of objective measures of arousal and information processing mechanisms would be a valuable contribution in order to provide a more complete and detailed picture. The goal of this study was to better document the cognitive mechanisms associated with therapeutic change after an in virtuo exposure treatment. Twenty-eight adults suffering from arachnophobia were assessed and received an exposure-based treatment using virtual reality. General outcome and specific processes measures included a battery of standardized questionnaires, a pictorial emotional Stroop task, a Behavioral Avoidance Test, and a measure of participants' cardiac response while they looked at a live tarantula. The analyses showed that changes in perceived self-efficacy and dysfunctional beliefs were the best predictors of change in general outcome and cardiac response; change in dysfunctional beliefs were the best predictor of change in behavioral avoidance. These innovative results provide a very detailed and organized picture of the complex cognitive mechanisms involved in therapeutic change following in virtuo exposure for arachnophobia. © 2009 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
3.
Côté, S.; Bouchard, S.
Documenting the efficacy of virtual realityexposure with psychophysiological and information processing measures Journal Article
In: Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 217–232, 2005, ISSN: 10900586 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, analysis of variance, Animals, arachnophobia, Arousal, article, avoidance behavior, cardiovascular response, clinical article, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, Heart Rate, human, Humans, information processing, male, medical documentation, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, outcomes research, phobia, phobias, Phobic Disorders, Psychophysiology, questionnaire, Reproducibility of Results, self report, spider, Spiders, standardization, stimulus response, task performance, threat, treatment outcome, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Visual Perception, visual stimulation
@article{cote_documenting_2005,
title = {Documenting the efficacy of virtual realityexposure with psychophysiological and information processing measures},
author = {S. Côté and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-25144467954&doi=10.1007%2fs10484-005-6379-x&partnerID=40&md5=12308d48c2d79eff9c6446385244c27c},
doi = {10.1007/s10484-005-6379-x},
issn = {10900586 (ISSN)},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {217–232},
abstract = {Many outcome studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of virtual reality in the treatment of specific phobias. However, most studies used self-report data. The addition of objective measures of arousal and information processing mechanisms would be a valuable contribution in order to validate the usefulness of virtual reality in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The goal of this study was to document the impact of virtual reality exposure (VRE) on cardiac response and automatic processing of threatening stimuli. Twenty-eight adults suffering from arachnophobia were assessed and received an exposure-based treatment using virtual reality. General outcome and specific processes measures included a battery of standardized questionnaires, a pictorial emotional Stroop task, a behavioral avoidance test and a measure of participants' inter-beat intervals (IBI) while they were looking at a live tarantula. Assessment was conducted before and after treatment. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that therapy had a positive impact on questionnaire data, as well as on the behavioral avoidance test. Analyses made on the pictorial Stroop task showed that information processing of spider-related stimuli changed after treatment, which also indicates therapeutic success. Psychophysiological data also showed a positive change after treatment, suggesting a decrease in anxiety. In sum, VRE led to significant therapeutic improvements on objective measures as well as on self-report instruments. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.},
keywords = {adult, analysis of variance, Animals, arachnophobia, Arousal, article, avoidance behavior, cardiovascular response, clinical article, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, Heart Rate, human, Humans, information processing, male, medical documentation, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, outcomes research, phobia, phobias, Phobic Disorders, Psychophysiology, questionnaire, Reproducibility of Results, self report, spider, Spiders, standardization, stimulus response, task performance, threat, treatment outcome, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Visual Perception, visual stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Many outcome studies have been conducted to assess the efficacy of virtual reality in the treatment of specific phobias. However, most studies used self-report data. The addition of objective measures of arousal and information processing mechanisms would be a valuable contribution in order to validate the usefulness of virtual reality in the treatment of anxiety disorders. The goal of this study was to document the impact of virtual reality exposure (VRE) on cardiac response and automatic processing of threatening stimuli. Twenty-eight adults suffering from arachnophobia were assessed and received an exposure-based treatment using virtual reality. General outcome and specific processes measures included a battery of standardized questionnaires, a pictorial emotional Stroop task, a behavioral avoidance test and a measure of participants' inter-beat intervals (IBI) while they were looking at a live tarantula. Assessment was conducted before and after treatment. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed that therapy had a positive impact on questionnaire data, as well as on the behavioral avoidance test. Analyses made on the pictorial Stroop task showed that information processing of spider-related stimuli changed after treatment, which also indicates therapeutic success. Psychophysiological data also showed a positive change after treatment, suggesting a decrease in anxiety. In sum, VRE led to significant therapeutic improvements on objective measures as well as on self-report instruments. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.