@article{corno_development_2024,

title = {Development of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image: A cross-cultural validation in Canadian and Spanish women},

author = {G. Corno and A. Paquette and D. Burychka and M. Miragall and M. -C. Rivard and R. M. Baños and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189089793&doi=10.1002%2ferv.3086&partnerID=40&md5=99c221e60e3d5caad167cec6fd25dddd},

doi = {10.1002/erv.3086},

issn = {10724133 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Eating Disorders Review},

abstract = {The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the preliminary cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image; (b) to examine potential differences and similarities in body image phenomena between women from two Western countries (i.e., Canada and Spain). 201 self-identified women participated in this cross-sectional study. Ideal, normal, and self-perceived body sizes were assessed using a visual-perceptual method, whereas body dissatisfaction was measured using both a visual-perceptual method and a questionnaire. Visual-perceptual body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, suggesting a preliminary convergent validity between the two assessment methods. Women in both countries were dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to their self-perceived body, all women chose a significantly thinner visual representation of their “normal” and ideal body. These results may suggest a shift towards the “thin” body as not only ideal, but also normative. This study provides the first evidence for the cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual body image assessment tool. The results of the current study confirm the presence of “normative discontent”, and suggest more cross-country similarities than differences among women from these two Western societies. © 2024 Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, analytic method, article, assessment, body dissatisfaction, body image, body image dissatisfaction, Body Size, Canada, Canadian, controlled study, convergent validity, correlation analysis, cross validation, cross-country, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, cultural anthropology, cultural factor, exploratory research, female, human, Humans, ideal body size, intermethod comparison, Middle Aged, normal body size, psychology, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Self Concept, Spain, Spaniard, Surveys and Questionnaires, thin ideal, underweight, vision, Visual Perception, visual-perceptual method, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{levesque-lacasse_relationship_2024,

title = {The Relationship Between the Ability to Infer Another's Pain and the Expectations Regarding the Appearance of Pain Facial Expressions: Investigation of the Role of Visual Perception},

author = {A. Lévesque-Lacasse and M. -C. Desjardins and D. Fiset and C. Charbonneau and S. Cormier and C. Blais},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85171357836&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpain.2023.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=dcfeb2e0eb9f13b42122ddfcbc987fc0},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2023.08.007},

issn = {15265900},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Pain},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {250–264},

abstract = {Although pain is a commonly experienced and observed affective state, it is frequently misinterpreted, which leads to inadequate caregiving. Studies show the ability at estimating pain in others (estimation bias) and detecting its subtle variations (sensitivity) could emerge from independent mechanisms. While estimation bias is modulated by variables such as empathy level, pain catastrophizing tendency, and overexposure to pain, sensitivity remains unimpacted. The present study verifies if these 2 types of inaccuracies are partly explained by perceptual factors. Using reverse correlation, we measured their association with participants' mental representation of pain, or more simply put, with their expectations of what the face of a person in pain should look like. Experiment 1 shows that both parameters are associated with variations in expectations of this expression. More specifically, the estimation bias is linked with expectations characterized by salient changes in the middle face region, whereas sensitivity is associated with salient changes in the eyebrow region. Experiment 2 reveals that bias and sensitivity yield differences in emotional representations. Expectations of individuals with a lower underestimation tendency are qualitatively rated as expressing more pain and sadness, and those of individuals with a higher level of sensitivity as expressing more pain, anger, and disgust. Together, these results provide evidence for a perceptual contribution in pain inferencing that is independent of other psychosocial variables and its link to observers’ expectations. Perspective: This article reinforces the contribution of perceptual mechanisms in pain assessment. Moreover, strategies aimed to improve the reliability of individuals’ expectations regarding the appearance of facial expressions of pain could potentially be developed, and contribute to decrease inaccuracies found in pain assessment and the confusion between pain and other affective states. © 2023 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc.},

note = {Publisher: Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {anger, article, chronic pain, disgust, emotion, Emotions, Empathy, Estimation bias, expectation, eyebrow, Facial Expression, Facial expressions of pain, human, Humans, mental representation, Mental representations, motivation, Pain, pain assessment, psychology, questionnaire, reliability, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Reverse correlation, sadness, sensitivity, vision, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_diversity_2024,

title = {Diversity in Visual Perception: How Cultural Variability in Face Processing Can Inform Policymakers},

author = {C. Blais and D. Fiset and F. Gingras and M. -P. Plouffe-Demers and I. Charbonneau},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201022017&doi=10.1177%2f23727322241269039&partnerID=40&md5=a39ef8d37e4997448cc134104d69269d},

doi = {10.1177/23727322241269039},

issn = {23727322 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences},

volume = {11},

number = {2},

pages = {141–148},

abstract = {Psychology and behavioral sciences lack diversity in their participant samples. In visual perception, more specifically, common practice assumes that the processes studied are fundamental and universal. In contrast, cultural psychology has accumulated evidence of cultural variability in visual perception. In face processing, for instance, this cultural variability may sabotage intercultural relations. Policies aim to increase diversity in research, supporting cultural psychology, and to increase awareness among professional workforces, as well as the general population, concerning how cultural variability may influence their interpretation of another's behavior. © The Author(s) 2024.},

note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},

keywords = {diversity, Face processing, facial expressions, other-race effect, psychology, societal applications, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{plouffe-demers_facial_2022,

title = {Facial Expression of Pain: Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Varying Intensities},

author = {M. -P. Plouffe-Demers and C. Saumure and D. Fiset and S. Cormier and C. Blais},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138214204&doi=10.1037%2femo0001156&partnerID=40&md5=d5063c7ab05722c16694952ac5d53027},

doi = {10.1037/emo0001156},

issn = {15283542 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Emotion},

volume = {23},

number = {5},

pages = {1254–1266},

abstract = {It has been proposed that women are better than men at recognizing emotions and pain experienced by others. They have also been shown to be more sensitive to variations in pain expressions. The objective of the present study was to explore the perceptual basis of these sexual differences by comparing the visual information used by men and women to discriminate between different intensities of pain facial expressions. Using the data-driven Bubbles method, we were able to corroborate the woman advantage in the discrimination of pain intensities that did not appear to be explained by variations in empathic tendencies. In terms of visual strategies, our results do not indicate any qualitative differences in the facial regions used by men and women. However, they suggest that women rely on larger regions of the face that seems to completely mediate their advantage. This utilization of larger clusters could indicate either that women integrate simultaneously and more efficiently information coming from different areas of the face or that they are more flexible in the utilization of the information present in these clusters. Women would then opt for a more holistic or flexible processing of the facial information, while men would rely on a specific yet rigid integration strategy. © 2022 American Psychological Association},

note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association},

keywords = {adult, article, controlled study, data-driven methods, effect size, Empathy, Facial Expression, facial expressions, female, human, human experiment, information processing, male, normal human, Pain, pain intensity, qualitative research, sample size, sex difference, sex differences, vision, visual acuity, visual information, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_cultural_2021,

title = {Cultural Differences in Face Recognition and Potential Underlying Mechanisms},

author = {C. Blais and K. J. Linnell and S. Caparos and A. Estéphan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104929853&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyg.2021.627026&partnerID=40&md5=32daa32653a313728485cedaa2d61c9f},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.627026},

issn = {16641078 (ISSN)},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Psychology},

volume = {12},

abstract = {The ability to recognize a face is crucial for the success of social interactions. Understanding the visual processes underlying this ability has been the focus of a long tradition of research. Recent advances in the field have revealed that individuals having different cultural backgrounds differ in the type of visual information they use for face processing. However, the mechanisms that underpin these differences remain unknown. Here, we revisit recent findings highlighting group differences in face processing. Then, we integrate these results in a model of visual categorization developed in the field of psychophysics: the RAP framework. On the basis of this framework, we discuss potential mechanisms, whether face-specific or not, that may underlie cross-cultural differences in face perception. © Copyright © 2021 Blais, Linnell, Caparos and Estéphan.},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.},

keywords = {cultural psychology, Culture, face identification, Face processing, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{tardif_culture_2017,

title = {Culture shapes spatial frequency tuning for face identification},

author = {J. Tardif and D. Fiset and Y. Zhang and A. Estéphan and Q. Cai and C. Luo and D. Sun and F. Gosselin and C. Blais},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007170276&doi=10.1037%2fxhp0000288&partnerID=40&md5=ed8796fea4a7a48b33b0aad005ce3872},

doi = {10.1037/xhp0000288},

issn = {00961523 (ISSN)},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},

volume = {43},

number = {2},

pages = {294–306},

abstract = {Many studies have revealed cultural differences in the way Easterners and Westerners attend to their visual world. It has been proposed that these cultural differences reflect the utilization of different processes, namely holistic processes by Easterners and analytical processes by Westerners. In the face processing literature, eye movement studies have revealed different fixation patterns for Easterners and Westerners that are congruent with a broader spread of attention by Easterners: compared with Westerners, Easterners tend to fixate more toward the center of the face even if they need the information provided by the eyes and mouth. Although this cultural difference could reflect an impact of culture on the visual mechanisms underlying face processing, this interpretation has been questioned by the finding that Easterners and Westerners do not differ on the location of their initial fixations, that is, those that have been shown as being sufficient for face recognition. Because a broader spread of attention is typically linked with the reduced sensitivity to higher spatial frequency, the present study directly compared the spatial frequency tuning of Easterners (Chinese) and Westerners (Canadians) in 2 face recognition tasks (Experiment 1 and 2), along with their general low-level sensitivity to spatial frequencies (Experiment 3). Consistent with our hypothesis, Chinese participants were tuned toward lower spatial frequencies than Canadians participants during the face recognition tasks, despite comparable low-level contrast sensitivity functions. These results strongly support the hypothesis that culture impacts the nature of the visual information extracted during face recognition. © 2016 American Psychological Association.},

note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association Inc.},

keywords = {adult, Canada, China, Cross-Cultural Comparison, cultural factor, Culture, Face processing, Facial Recognition, female, human, Humans, male, perception, physiology, Psychophysics, Social Perception, spatial frequency, Visual Perception, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_human_2013,

title = {Human visual processing oscillates: Evidence from a classification image technique},

author = {C. Blais and M. Arguin and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879014749&doi=10.1016%2fj.cognition.2013.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=c2d20982fa4a5c46b9d99d2912284ff6},

doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2013.04.009},

issn = {00100277},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Cognition},

volume = {128},

number = {3},

pages = {353–362},

abstract = {Recent investigations have proposed that visual information may be sampled in a discrete manner, similarly to the snapshots of a camera, but this hypothesis remains controversial. Moreover, assuming a discrete sampling of information, the properties of this sampling-for instance, the frequency at which it operates, and how it synchronizes with the environment-still need to be clarified. We systematically modulated the signal-to-noise ratio of faces through time and examined how it impacted face identification performance. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis of discrete sampling. Furthermore, they suggest that this mechanism may operate at a rate of about 10-15. Hz and that it is synchronized with the onset of the stimulus. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {amplitude modulation, article, Face, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, normal human, oscillation, Oscillations, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, priority journal, reaction time, signal noise ratio, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, stimulus response, Temporal processing, vision, Visual, visual acuity, Visual Perception, Visual sampling, visual stimulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{willenbockel_does_2010,

title = {Does Face Inversion Change Spatial Frequency Tuning?},

author = {V. Willenbockel and D. Fiset and A. Chauvin and C. Blais and M. Arguin and J. W. Tanaka and D. N. Bub and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76049110562&doi=10.1037%2fa0016465&partnerID=40&md5=d855c4148d6a6f32d96ab71018569d7c},

doi = {10.1037/a0016465},

issn = {00961523 (ISSN)},

year  = {2010},

date = {2010-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},

volume = {36},

number = {1},

pages = {122–135},

abstract = {The authors examined spatial frequency (SF) tuning of upright and inverted face identification using an SF variant of the Bubbles technique (F. Gosselin & P. G. Schyns, 2001). In Experiment 1, they validated the SF Bubbles technique in a plaid detection task. In Experiments 2a-c, the SFs used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features were investigated. Although a clear inversion effect was present (mean accuracy was 24% higher and response times 455 ms shorter for upright faces), SF tunings were remarkably similar in both orientation conditions (mean r = .98; an SF band of 1.9 octaves centered at 9.8 cycles per face width for faces of about 6°). In Experiments 3a and b, the authors demonstrated that their technique is sensitive to both subtle bottom-up and top-down induced changes in SF tuning, suggesting that the null results of Experiments 2a-c are real. The most parsimonious explanation of the findings is provided by the quantitative account of the face inversion effect: The same information is used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features, but processing has greater sensitivity with the former. © 2010 American Psychological Association.},

keywords = {adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Depth Perception, Face, face perception, female, human, Humans, identification, inversion effect, male, perception, Perceptual Masking, reaction time, Space Perception, spatial frequency, vision, Visual Perception, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_orientation_2009,

title = {Orientation invariance in visual shape perception},

author = {C. Blais and M. Arguin and I. Marleau},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649103374&doi=10.1167%2f9.2.14&partnerID=40&md5=1fb771ae6c96e3a0ad4e92a307a12d1d},

doi = {10.1167/9.2.14},

issn = {15347362},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Vision},

volume = {9},

number = {2},

abstract = {To assess directly the orientation-invariance of specific shape representation stages in humans, we examined whether rotation (on the image plane or in depth) modulates the conjunction and linear non-separability effects in a shape visual search task (M. Arguin & D. Saumier, 2000; D. Saumier & M. Arguin, 2003). A series of visual search experiments involving simple 2D or 3D shapes show that these target type effects are entirely resistant to both planar and depth rotations. It was found however, that resistance to depth rotation only occurred when the 3D shapes had a richly textured surface but not when they had a uniform surface, with shading as the only reliable depth cue. The results also indicate that both planar and depth rotations affected performance indexes not concerned with the target type effects (i.e. overall RTs and magnitude of display size and target presence effects). Overall, the present findings suggest that the shape representations subtending the conjunction and linear non-separability effects are invariant across both planar and depth rotations whereas other shape representation stages involved in the task are orientation-specific. © ARVO.},

keywords = {adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Depth Perception, Form Perception, human, Humans, methodology, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, physiology, Rotation, vision, Visual Perception, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fiset_features_2008,

title = {Features for identification of uppercase and lowercase letters: Research article},

author = {D. Fiset and C. Blais and C. Éthier-Majcher and M. Arguin and D. Bub and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-57349093513&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-9280.2008.02218.x&partnerID=40&md5=63c800273bf25eb2c6d5c0cf8c2b714a},

doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02218.x},

issn = {09567976},

year  = {2008},

date = {2008-01-01},

journal = {Psychological Science},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {1161–1168},

abstract = {The determination of the visual features mediating letter identification has a long-standing history in cognitive science. Researchers have proposed many sets of letter features as important for letter identification, but no such sets have yet been derived directly from empirical data. In the study reported here, we applied the Bubbles technique to reveal directly which areas at five different spatial scales are efficient for the identification of lowercase and uppercase Arial letters. We provide the first empirical evidence that line terminations are the most important features for letter identification. We propose that these small features, represented at several spatial scales, help readers to discriminate among visually similar letters. © Copyright © 2008 Association for Psychological Science.},

keywords = {article, human, Humans, Linguistics, recognition, Recognition (Psychology), vision, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}