Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Duncan, J.; Roberge, A.; Fortier-Gauthier, U.; Fiset, D.; Blais, C.; Brisson, B.
Dual task interference on early perceptual processing Journal Article
In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 1777–1795, 2021, ISSN: 19433921 (ISSN), (Publisher: Springer).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: attention, Attentional Blink, Central attention, Dual task, human, Humans, masking, motivation, Perceptual Masking, Psychological, psychological refractory period, Refractory Period, Task switching, Visual working memory, Visual-spatial attention
@article{duncan_dual_2021,
title = {Dual task interference on early perceptual processing},
author = {J. Duncan and A. Roberge and U. Fortier-Gauthier and D. Fiset and C. Blais and B. Brisson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092941211&doi=10.3758%2fs13414-020-02158-0&partnerID=40&md5=ed05e8e0cd7ffa5e63ee38027b3e5d44},
doi = {10.3758/s13414-020-02158-0},
issn = {19433921 (ISSN)},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-01},
journal = {Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics},
volume = {83},
number = {4},
pages = {1777–1795},
abstract = {When two tasks, Task 1 and Task 2, are conducted in close temporal proximity and a separate speeded response is required for each target (T1 and T2), T2 report performance decreases as a function of its temporal proximity to T1. This so-called psychological refractory period (PRP) effect on T2 processing is largely assumed to reflect interference from T1 response selection on T2 response selection. However, interference on early perceptual processing of T2 has been observed in a modified paradigm, which required changes in visual-spatial attention, sensory modality, task modality, and response modality across targets. The goal of the present study was to investigate the possibility of early perceptual interference by systematically and iteratively removing each of these possible non perceptual confounds, in a series of four experiments. To assess T2 visual memory consolidation success, T2 was presented for a varying duration and immediately masked. T2 report accuracy, which was taken as a measure of perceptual—encoding or consolidation—success, decreased across all experimental control conditions as T1–T2 onset proximity increased. We argue that our results, in light of previous studies, show that central processing of a first target, responsible for the classical PRP effect, also interferes with early perceptual processing of a second target. We end with a discussion of broader implications for psychological refractory period and attentional blink effects. © 2020, The Author(s).},
note = {Publisher: Springer},
keywords = {attention, Attentional Blink, Central attention, Dual task, human, Humans, masking, motivation, Perceptual Masking, Psychological, psychological refractory period, Refractory Period, Task switching, Visual working memory, Visual-spatial attention},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When two tasks, Task 1 and Task 2, are conducted in close temporal proximity and a separate speeded response is required for each target (T1 and T2), T2 report performance decreases as a function of its temporal proximity to T1. This so-called psychological refractory period (PRP) effect on T2 processing is largely assumed to reflect interference from T1 response selection on T2 response selection. However, interference on early perceptual processing of T2 has been observed in a modified paradigm, which required changes in visual-spatial attention, sensory modality, task modality, and response modality across targets. The goal of the present study was to investigate the possibility of early perceptual interference by systematically and iteratively removing each of these possible non perceptual confounds, in a series of four experiments. To assess T2 visual memory consolidation success, T2 was presented for a varying duration and immediately masked. T2 report accuracy, which was taken as a measure of perceptual—encoding or consolidation—success, decreased across all experimental control conditions as T1–T2 onset proximity increased. We argue that our results, in light of previous studies, show that central processing of a first target, responsible for the classical PRP effect, also interferes with early perceptual processing of a second target. We end with a discussion of broader implications for psychological refractory period and attentional blink effects. © 2020, The Author(s).
2.
Royer, J.; Blais, C.; Gosselin, F.; Duncan, J.; Fiset, D.
When less is more: Impact of face processing ability on recognition of visually degraded faces Journal Article
In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1179–1183, 2015, ISSN: 00961523, (Publisher: American Psychological Association Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Aptitude, Facial Recognition, human, Humans, Individuality, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, recognition, Recognition (Psychology), Young Adult
@article{royer_when_2015,
title = {When less is more: Impact of face processing ability on recognition of visually degraded faces},
author = {J. Royer and C. Blais and F. Gosselin and J. Duncan and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942551671&doi=10.1037%2fxhp0000095&partnerID=40&md5=91cc3fb5dcea3655e417eaf2e0290bf6},
doi = {10.1037/xhp0000095},
issn = {00961523},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {1179–1183},
abstract = {It is generally thought that faces are perceived as indissociable wholes. As a result, many assume that hiding large portions of the face by the addition of noise or by masking limits or qualitatively alters natural "expert" face processing by forcing observers to use atypical processing mechanisms. We addressed this question by measuring face processing abilities with whole faces and with Bubbles (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001), an extreme masking method thought by some to bias the observers toward the use of atypical processing mechanisms by limiting the use of whole-face strategies. We obtained a strong and negative correlation between individual face processing ability and the number of bubbles (r = -.79), and this correlation remained strong even after controlling for general visual/cognitive processing ability (rpartial = -.72). In other words, the better someone is at processing faces, the fewer facial parts they need to accurately carry out this task. Thus, contrary to what many researchers assume, face processing mechanisms appear to be quite insensitive to the visual impoverishment of the face stimulus. © 2015 American Psychological Association.},
note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Aptitude, Facial Recognition, human, Humans, Individuality, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, recognition, Recognition (Psychology), Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is generally thought that faces are perceived as indissociable wholes. As a result, many assume that hiding large portions of the face by the addition of noise or by masking limits or qualitatively alters natural "expert" face processing by forcing observers to use atypical processing mechanisms. We addressed this question by measuring face processing abilities with whole faces and with Bubbles (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001), an extreme masking method thought by some to bias the observers toward the use of atypical processing mechanisms by limiting the use of whole-face strategies. We obtained a strong and negative correlation between individual face processing ability and the number of bubbles (r = -.79), and this correlation remained strong even after controlling for general visual/cognitive processing ability (rpartial = -.72). In other words, the better someone is at processing faces, the fewer facial parts they need to accurately carry out this task. Thus, contrary to what many researchers assume, face processing mechanisms appear to be quite insensitive to the visual impoverishment of the face stimulus. © 2015 American Psychological Association.
3.
Butler, S.; Blais, C.; Gosselin, F.; Bub, D.; Fiset, D.
Recognizing famous people Journal Article
In: Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 1444–1449, 2010, ISSN: 19433921.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Face, Famous Persons, female, human, Humans, male, Mental Recall, Pattern Recognition, perception, perceptive discrimination, Perceptual Masking, public figure, recall, Visual, Young Adult
@article{butler_recognizing_2010,
title = {Recognizing famous people},
author = {S. Butler and C. Blais and F. Gosselin and D. Bub and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957655513&doi=10.3758%2fAPP.72.6.1444&partnerID=40&md5=75eaa110c44eb14b6eea6120d7477798},
doi = {10.3758/APP.72.6.1444},
issn = {19433921},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics},
volume = {72},
number = {6},
pages = {1444–1449},
abstract = {In daily life, face identification requires that the observer select a single representation from hundreds if not thousands in memory. This breadth of choice is nearly impossible to replicate in the laboratory using newly learned faces, especially in the context of a Bubbles experiment (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001). In this study, we obviated this concern by studying the performance of observers in a face-naming task using 210 faces of celebrities. On each trial, we presented a face randomly sampled with Bubbles. We performed least-square multiple linear regressions on the location of the samples and on accuracy to pinpoint the facial features that were used effectively in this task. Correct face identification relied primarily on the eye areas in spatial frequency bands ranging from 4.37 to 70 cycles per face (cpf) and on the mouth and the nose in a spatial frequency band ranging from 8.75 to 17.5 cpf. A comparison with other studies (Caldara et al., 2005; Schyns, Bonnar, & Gosselin, 2002) in which Bubbles was used with a set of 10 newly learned faces revealed that although the eye areas were useful across studies, the mouth area and higher spatial frequencies gained in importance when few newly learned faces were used. © 2010 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
keywords = {adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), Face, Famous Persons, female, human, Humans, male, Mental Recall, Pattern Recognition, perception, perceptive discrimination, Perceptual Masking, public figure, recall, Visual, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In daily life, face identification requires that the observer select a single representation from hundreds if not thousands in memory. This breadth of choice is nearly impossible to replicate in the laboratory using newly learned faces, especially in the context of a Bubbles experiment (Gosselin & Schyns, 2001). In this study, we obviated this concern by studying the performance of observers in a face-naming task using 210 faces of celebrities. On each trial, we presented a face randomly sampled with Bubbles. We performed least-square multiple linear regressions on the location of the samples and on accuracy to pinpoint the facial features that were used effectively in this task. Correct face identification relied primarily on the eye areas in spatial frequency bands ranging from 4.37 to 70 cycles per face (cpf) and on the mouth and the nose in a spatial frequency band ranging from 8.75 to 17.5 cpf. A comparison with other studies (Caldara et al., 2005; Schyns, Bonnar, & Gosselin, 2002) in which Bubbles was used with a set of 10 newly learned faces revealed that although the eye areas were useful across studies, the mouth area and higher spatial frequencies gained in importance when few newly learned faces were used. © 2010 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.
4.
Willenbockel, V.; Fiset, D.; Chauvin, A.; Blais, C.; Arguin, M.; Tanaka, J. W.; Bub, D. N.; Gosselin, F.
Does Face Inversion Change Spatial Frequency Tuning? Journal Article
In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 122–135, 2010, ISSN: 00961523 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Depth Perception, Face, face perception, female, human, Humans, identification, inversion effect, male, perception, Perceptual Masking, reaction time, Space Perception, spatial frequency, vision, Visual Perception, Young Adult
@article{willenbockel_does_2010,
title = {Does Face Inversion Change Spatial Frequency Tuning?},
author = {V. Willenbockel and D. Fiset and A. Chauvin and C. Blais and M. Arguin and J. W. Tanaka and D. N. Bub and F. Gosselin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76049110562&doi=10.1037%2fa0016465&partnerID=40&md5=d855c4148d6a6f32d96ab71018569d7c},
doi = {10.1037/a0016465},
issn = {00961523 (ISSN)},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {122–135},
abstract = {The authors examined spatial frequency (SF) tuning of upright and inverted face identification using an SF variant of the Bubbles technique (F. Gosselin & P. G. Schyns, 2001). In Experiment 1, they validated the SF Bubbles technique in a plaid detection task. In Experiments 2a-c, the SFs used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features were investigated. Although a clear inversion effect was present (mean accuracy was 24% higher and response times 455 ms shorter for upright faces), SF tunings were remarkably similar in both orientation conditions (mean r = .98; an SF band of 1.9 octaves centered at 9.8 cycles per face width for faces of about 6°). In Experiments 3a and b, the authors demonstrated that their technique is sensitive to both subtle bottom-up and top-down induced changes in SF tuning, suggesting that the null results of Experiments 2a-c are real. The most parsimonious explanation of the findings is provided by the quantitative account of the face inversion effect: The same information is used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features, but processing has greater sensitivity with the former. © 2010 American Psychological Association.},
keywords = {adult, article, association, attention, Cues, Depth Perception, Face, face perception, female, human, Humans, identification, inversion effect, male, perception, Perceptual Masking, reaction time, Space Perception, spatial frequency, vision, Visual Perception, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The authors examined spatial frequency (SF) tuning of upright and inverted face identification using an SF variant of the Bubbles technique (F. Gosselin & P. G. Schyns, 2001). In Experiment 1, they validated the SF Bubbles technique in a plaid detection task. In Experiments 2a-c, the SFs used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features were investigated. Although a clear inversion effect was present (mean accuracy was 24% higher and response times 455 ms shorter for upright faces), SF tunings were remarkably similar in both orientation conditions (mean r = .98; an SF band of 1.9 octaves centered at 9.8 cycles per face width for faces of about 6°). In Experiments 3a and b, the authors demonstrated that their technique is sensitive to both subtle bottom-up and top-down induced changes in SF tuning, suggesting that the null results of Experiments 2a-c are real. The most parsimonious explanation of the findings is provided by the quantitative account of the face inversion effect: The same information is used for identifying upright and inverted inner facial features, but processing has greater sensitivity with the former. © 2010 American Psychological Association.
5.
Warren, C. M.; Breuer, A. T.; Kantner, J.; Fiset, D.; Blais, C.; Masson, M. E. J.
Target-distractor interference in the attentional blink implicates the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system Journal Article
In: Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1106–1111, 2009, ISSN: 10699384.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, Attentional Blink, human, Humans, Learning, locus ceruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Memory, Models, noradrenalin, Norepinephrine, Pattern Recognition, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, Psychological, psychological model, Psychophysics, reaction time, Serial Learning, short term memory, Short-Term, Visual
@article{warren_target-distractor_2009,
title = {Target-distractor interference in the attentional blink implicates the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system},
author = {C. M. Warren and A. T. Breuer and J. Kantner and D. Fiset and C. Blais and M. E. J. Masson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74849134787&doi=10.3758%2fPBR.16.6.1106&partnerID=40&md5=dedfbcb0f338038cbcaedefcbc9d184f},
doi = {10.3758/PBR.16.6.1106},
issn = {10699384},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin and Review},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1106–1111},
abstract = {We provide evidence that the locus coeruleus-norephinephrine (LC-NE) system is the neurophysiological basis of the attentional blink. The attentional blink refers to decreased accuracy for reporting the second of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors. The LC-NE account of the attentional blink posits that targets elicit a facilitative LC-NE system response that is available for the first target but subsequently unavailable to the second, due to the autoinhibitory nature of the LC-NE system. We propose a modification of the LC-NE account, suggesting that the LC-NE system response is elicited by interference between mutually exclusive responses demanded by temporally proximal targets and distractors. We increased the interference between the first target and the following distractor by reducing the time between them. For identifying the second target this high-interference condition yielded a benefit up to 200 msec after onset of the first, followed by a decrease in accuracy. Consistent with our modification of the LC-NE account, this result suggests a temporarily enhanced LC-NE system response to increased target-distractor interference. © 2009 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
keywords = {article, Attentional Blink, human, Humans, Learning, locus ceruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Memory, Models, noradrenalin, Norepinephrine, Pattern Recognition, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, Psychological, psychological model, Psychophysics, reaction time, Serial Learning, short term memory, Short-Term, Visual},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We provide evidence that the locus coeruleus-norephinephrine (LC-NE) system is the neurophysiological basis of the attentional blink. The attentional blink refers to decreased accuracy for reporting the second of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors. The LC-NE account of the attentional blink posits that targets elicit a facilitative LC-NE system response that is available for the first target but subsequently unavailable to the second, due to the autoinhibitory nature of the LC-NE system. We propose a modification of the LC-NE account, suggesting that the LC-NE system response is elicited by interference between mutually exclusive responses demanded by temporally proximal targets and distractors. We increased the interference between the first target and the following distractor by reducing the time between them. For identifying the second target this high-interference condition yielded a benefit up to 200 msec after onset of the first, followed by a decrease in accuracy. Consistent with our modification of the LC-NE account, this result suggests a temporarily enhanced LC-NE system response to increased target-distractor interference. © 2009 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.