Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Blais, C.; Fiset, D.; Furumoto-Deshaies, H.; Kunz, M.; Seuss, D.; Cormier, S.
Facial Features Underlying the Decoding of Pain Expressions Journal Article
In: Journal of Pain, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 728–738, 2019, ISSN: 15265900 (ISSN), (Publisher: Churchill Livingstone Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, attention, decoding, Eye, Facial Expression, facies, female, human, human experiment, Humans, lip, male, Memory, Nose, Pain, pain assessment, pain dimensions, pain measurement, sensory analysis, wrinkle, Young Adult
@article{blais_facial_2019,
title = {Facial Features Underlying the Decoding of Pain Expressions},
author = {C. Blais and D. Fiset and H. Furumoto-Deshaies and M. Kunz and D. Seuss and S. Cormier},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060707205&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpain.2019.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=2d2dd305de430a7ce8973644f57a4996},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.002},
issn = {15265900 (ISSN)},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pain},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {728–738},
abstract = {Previous research has revealed that the face is a finely tuned medium for pain communication. Studies assessing the decoding of facial expressions of pain have revealed an interesting discrepancy, namely that, despite eyes narrowing being the most frequent facial expression accompanying pain, individuals mostly rely on brow lowering and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising to evaluate pain. The present study verifies if this discrepancy may reflect an interaction between the features coding pain expressions and the features used by observers and stored in their mental representations. Experiment 1 shows that more weight is allocated to the brow lowering and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising, supporting the idea that these features are allocated more importance when mental representations of pain expressions are stored in memory. These 2 features have been associated with negative valence and with the affective dimension of pain, whereas the eyes narrowing feature has been associated more closely with the sensory dimension of pain. However, experiment 2 shows that these 2 features remain more salient than eyes narrowing, even when attention is specifically directed toward the sensory dimension of pain. Together, these results suggest that the features most saliently coded in the mental representation of facial expressions of pain may reflect a bias toward allocating more weight to the affective information encoded in the face. Perspective: This work reveals the relative importance of 3 facial features representing the core of pain expressions during pain decoding. The results show that 2 features are over-represented; this finding may potentially be linked with the estimation biases occurring when clinicians and lay persons evaluate pain based on facial appearance. © 2019 the American Pain Society},
note = {Publisher: Churchill Livingstone Inc.},
keywords = {adult, article, attention, decoding, Eye, Facial Expression, facies, female, human, human experiment, Humans, lip, male, Memory, Nose, Pain, pain assessment, pain dimensions, pain measurement, sensory analysis, wrinkle, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Previous research has revealed that the face is a finely tuned medium for pain communication. Studies assessing the decoding of facial expressions of pain have revealed an interesting discrepancy, namely that, despite eyes narrowing being the most frequent facial expression accompanying pain, individuals mostly rely on brow lowering and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising to evaluate pain. The present study verifies if this discrepancy may reflect an interaction between the features coding pain expressions and the features used by observers and stored in their mental representations. Experiment 1 shows that more weight is allocated to the brow lowering and nose wrinkling/upper lip raising, supporting the idea that these features are allocated more importance when mental representations of pain expressions are stored in memory. These 2 features have been associated with negative valence and with the affective dimension of pain, whereas the eyes narrowing feature has been associated more closely with the sensory dimension of pain. However, experiment 2 shows that these 2 features remain more salient than eyes narrowing, even when attention is specifically directed toward the sensory dimension of pain. Together, these results suggest that the features most saliently coded in the mental representation of facial expressions of pain may reflect a bias toward allocating more weight to the affective information encoded in the face. Perspective: This work reveals the relative importance of 3 facial features representing the core of pain expressions during pain decoding. The results show that 2 features are over-represented; this finding may potentially be linked with the estimation biases occurring when clinicians and lay persons evaluate pain based on facial appearance. © 2019 the American Pain Society
2.
Baus, O.; Bouchard, S.
The sense of olfaction: Its characteristics and its possible applications in virtual environments Journal Article
In: Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 31–50, 2010, ISSN: 17849934.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Arousal, article, brain region, conditioning, drug dependence, emotionality, human, Learning, leisure, Memory, mental function, neuroanatomy, odor, olfactory discrimination, olfactory system, pain assessment, posttraumatic stress disorder, sex difference, smelling, social interaction, virtual reality, visual stimulation
@article{baus_sense_2010,
title = {The sense of olfaction: Its characteristics and its possible applications in virtual environments},
author = {O. Baus and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650054636&partnerID=40&md5=959d26e8022423056fe9a9345b5ba084},
issn = {17849934},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {31–50},
abstract = {Virtual environments (VE) aim to reproduce life-like experiences, but despite indications that the olfactory sense plays a significant role in everyday life, the integration of olfactory stimuli in VEs is rare. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on olfaction and its potential applications in Virtual Reality (VR). Indications supporting the integration of odorants in VR include the privileged connections between the olfactory system and the brain regions involved in the processing of virtual stimuli used in clinical applications, as well as the interaction between odors, the other senses, and various psychological processes. Presently, smells are mostly integrated in VR applications for post-traumatic stress disorder and drug addiction, but further uses of odorants in VEs could include pain distraction, various training scenarios, such as emergency response and relaxation, and investigations of multi-sensory integration. ©Virtual Reality Medical Institute.},
keywords = {Arousal, article, brain region, conditioning, drug dependence, emotionality, human, Learning, leisure, Memory, mental function, neuroanatomy, odor, olfactory discrimination, olfactory system, pain assessment, posttraumatic stress disorder, sex difference, smelling, social interaction, virtual reality, visual stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual environments (VE) aim to reproduce life-like experiences, but despite indications that the olfactory sense plays a significant role in everyday life, the integration of olfactory stimuli in VEs is rare. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on olfaction and its potential applications in Virtual Reality (VR). Indications supporting the integration of odorants in VR include the privileged connections between the olfactory system and the brain regions involved in the processing of virtual stimuli used in clinical applications, as well as the interaction between odors, the other senses, and various psychological processes. Presently, smells are mostly integrated in VR applications for post-traumatic stress disorder and drug addiction, but further uses of odorants in VEs could include pain distraction, various training scenarios, such as emergency response and relaxation, and investigations of multi-sensory integration. ©Virtual Reality Medical Institute.
3.
Warren, C. M.; Breuer, A. T.; Kantner, J.; Fiset, D.; Blais, C.; Masson, M. E. J.
Target-distractor interference in the attentional blink implicates the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system Journal Article
In: Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1106–1111, 2009, ISSN: 10699384.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, Attentional Blink, human, Humans, Learning, locus ceruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Memory, Models, noradrenalin, Norepinephrine, Pattern Recognition, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, Psychological, psychological model, Psychophysics, reaction time, Serial Learning, short term memory, Short-Term, Visual
@article{warren_target-distractor_2009,
title = {Target-distractor interference in the attentional blink implicates the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system},
author = {C. M. Warren and A. T. Breuer and J. Kantner and D. Fiset and C. Blais and M. E. J. Masson},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74849134787&doi=10.3758%2fPBR.16.6.1106&partnerID=40&md5=dedfbcb0f338038cbcaedefcbc9d184f},
doi = {10.3758/PBR.16.6.1106},
issn = {10699384},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Psychonomic Bulletin and Review},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1106–1111},
abstract = {We provide evidence that the locus coeruleus-norephinephrine (LC-NE) system is the neurophysiological basis of the attentional blink. The attentional blink refers to decreased accuracy for reporting the second of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors. The LC-NE account of the attentional blink posits that targets elicit a facilitative LC-NE system response that is available for the first target but subsequently unavailable to the second, due to the autoinhibitory nature of the LC-NE system. We propose a modification of the LC-NE account, suggesting that the LC-NE system response is elicited by interference between mutually exclusive responses demanded by temporally proximal targets and distractors. We increased the interference between the first target and the following distractor by reducing the time between them. For identifying the second target this high-interference condition yielded a benefit up to 200 msec after onset of the first, followed by a decrease in accuracy. Consistent with our modification of the LC-NE account, this result suggests a temporarily enhanced LC-NE system response to increased target-distractor interference. © 2009 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.},
keywords = {article, Attentional Blink, human, Humans, Learning, locus ceruleus, Locus Coeruleus, Memory, Models, noradrenalin, Norepinephrine, Pattern Recognition, perception, Perceptual Masking, physiology, Psychological, psychological model, Psychophysics, reaction time, Serial Learning, short term memory, Short-Term, Visual},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We provide evidence that the locus coeruleus-norephinephrine (LC-NE) system is the neurophysiological basis of the attentional blink. The attentional blink refers to decreased accuracy for reporting the second of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation of distractors. The LC-NE account of the attentional blink posits that targets elicit a facilitative LC-NE system response that is available for the first target but subsequently unavailable to the second, due to the autoinhibitory nature of the LC-NE system. We propose a modification of the LC-NE account, suggesting that the LC-NE system response is elicited by interference between mutually exclusive responses demanded by temporally proximal targets and distractors. We increased the interference between the first target and the following distractor by reducing the time between them. For identifying the second target this high-interference condition yielded a benefit up to 200 msec after onset of the first, followed by a decrease in accuracy. Consistent with our modification of the LC-NE account, this result suggests a temporarily enhanced LC-NE system response to increased target-distractor interference. © 2009 The Psychonomic Society, Inc.