Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Corno, G.; Paquette, A.; Burychka, D.; Miragall, M.; Rivard, M. -C.; Baños, R. M.; Bouchard, S.
Development of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image: A cross-cultural validation in Canadian and Spanish women Journal Article
In: European Eating Disorders Review, 2024, ISSN: 10724133 (ISSN), (Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, analytic method, article, assessment, body dissatisfaction, body image, body image dissatisfaction, Body Size, Canada, Canadian, controlled study, convergent validity, correlation analysis, cross validation, cross-country, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, cultural anthropology, cultural factor, exploratory research, female, human, Humans, ideal body size, intermethod comparison, Middle Aged, normal body size, psychology, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Self Concept, Spain, Spaniard, Surveys and Questionnaires, thin ideal, underweight, vision, Visual Perception, visual-perceptual method, Young Adult
@article{corno_development_2024,
title = {Development of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image: A cross-cultural validation in Canadian and Spanish women},
author = {G. Corno and A. Paquette and D. Burychka and M. Miragall and M. -C. Rivard and R. M. Baños and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189089793&doi=10.1002%2ferv.3086&partnerID=40&md5=99c221e60e3d5caad167cec6fd25dddd},
doi = {10.1002/erv.3086},
issn = {10724133 (ISSN)},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-01},
journal = {European Eating Disorders Review},
abstract = {The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the preliminary cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image; (b) to examine potential differences and similarities in body image phenomena between women from two Western countries (i.e., Canada and Spain). 201 self-identified women participated in this cross-sectional study. Ideal, normal, and self-perceived body sizes were assessed using a visual-perceptual method, whereas body dissatisfaction was measured using both a visual-perceptual method and a questionnaire. Visual-perceptual body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, suggesting a preliminary convergent validity between the two assessment methods. Women in both countries were dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to their self-perceived body, all women chose a significantly thinner visual representation of their “normal” and ideal body. These results may suggest a shift towards the “thin” body as not only ideal, but also normative. This study provides the first evidence for the cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual body image assessment tool. The results of the current study confirm the presence of “normative discontent”, and suggest more cross-country similarities than differences among women from these two Western societies. © 2024 Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},
note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, analytic method, article, assessment, body dissatisfaction, body image, body image dissatisfaction, Body Size, Canada, Canadian, controlled study, convergent validity, correlation analysis, cross validation, cross-country, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, cultural anthropology, cultural factor, exploratory research, female, human, Humans, ideal body size, intermethod comparison, Middle Aged, normal body size, psychology, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Self Concept, Spain, Spaniard, Surveys and Questionnaires, thin ideal, underweight, vision, Visual Perception, visual-perceptual method, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the preliminary cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image; (b) to examine potential differences and similarities in body image phenomena between women from two Western countries (i.e., Canada and Spain). 201 self-identified women participated in this cross-sectional study. Ideal, normal, and self-perceived body sizes were assessed using a visual-perceptual method, whereas body dissatisfaction was measured using both a visual-perceptual method and a questionnaire. Visual-perceptual body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, suggesting a preliminary convergent validity between the two assessment methods. Women in both countries were dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to their self-perceived body, all women chose a significantly thinner visual representation of their “normal” and ideal body. These results may suggest a shift towards the “thin” body as not only ideal, but also normative. This study provides the first evidence for the cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual body image assessment tool. The results of the current study confirm the presence of “normative discontent”, and suggest more cross-country similarities than differences among women from these two Western societies. © 2024 Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
2.
Giroux, I.; Faucher-Gravel, A.; St-Hilaire, A.; Boudreault, C.; Jacques, C.; Bouchard, S.
Gambling exposure in virtual reality and modification of urge to gamble Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 224–231, 2013, ISSN: 21522715.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: article, behavior therapy, clinical trial, computer interface, female, Gambling, human, Humans, Implosive Therapy, male, methodology, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, psychological aspect, psychological rating scale, questionnaire, Questionnaires, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, User-Computer Interface
@article{giroux_gambling_2013,
title = {Gambling exposure in virtual reality and modification of urge to gamble},
author = {I. Giroux and A. Faucher-Gravel and A. St-Hilaire and C. Boudreault and C. Jacques and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875176361&doi=10.1089%2fcyber.2012.1573&partnerID=40&md5=b9473a795bb3b95cb98fa04afb34c2c7},
doi = {10.1089/cyber.2012.1573},
issn = {21522715},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {224–231},
abstract = {The urge to gamble is a psychological, physiological, and emotional state involved in the maintenance of pathological gambling. The ability of repeated exposure to a virtual gambling environment to modify the urge to gamble and perceived self-efficacy (PSE) is investigated. Ten video lottery players move throughout a virtual bar with five video lottery terminals five times. The urge to gamble and PSE do not significantly vary during exposure to the gambling environment. However, the desire to gamble significantly increases when passing from the practice environment to the gambling environment. These findings suggest that virtual reality is viable for use in exposure, but that a sole 20-minute session does not set the extinction process into motion. Future studies should be conducted on virtual exposure over the course of several sessions, with the addition of a cognitive restructuring intervention. © Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2013.},
keywords = {article, behavior therapy, clinical trial, computer interface, female, Gambling, human, Humans, Implosive Therapy, male, methodology, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, psychological aspect, psychological rating scale, questionnaire, Questionnaires, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, User-Computer Interface},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The urge to gamble is a psychological, physiological, and emotional state involved in the maintenance of pathological gambling. The ability of repeated exposure to a virtual gambling environment to modify the urge to gamble and perceived self-efficacy (PSE) is investigated. Ten video lottery players move throughout a virtual bar with five video lottery terminals five times. The urge to gamble and PSE do not significantly vary during exposure to the gambling environment. However, the desire to gamble significantly increases when passing from the practice environment to the gambling environment. These findings suggest that virtual reality is viable for use in exposure, but that a sole 20-minute session does not set the extinction process into motion. Future studies should be conducted on virtual exposure over the course of several sessions, with the addition of a cognitive restructuring intervention. © Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2013.
3.
Bouchard, S.; Gervais, J.; Gagnier, N.; Loranger, C.
Evaluation of a primary prevention program for anxiety disorders using story books with children aged 9-12 years Journal Article
In: Journal of Primary Prevention, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 345–358, 2013, ISSN: 0278095X (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adaptation, adaptive behavior, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety sensitivity, article, Bibliotherapy, book, Books, Child, Children, cognitive therapy, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, female, human, Humans, male, methodology, Primary Prevention, procedures, Program Evaluation, Psychological, randomized controlled trial, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Self-efficacy, treatment outcome
@article{bouchard_evaluation_2013,
title = {Evaluation of a primary prevention program for anxiety disorders using story books with children aged 9-12 years},
author = {S. Bouchard and J. Gervais and N. Gagnier and C. Loranger},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884505645&doi=10.1007%2fs10935-013-0317-0&partnerID=40&md5=3e1b6f6ada6ce459480bcf236ae70e5e},
doi = {10.1007/s10935-013-0317-0},
issn = {0278095X (ISSN)},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Primary Prevention},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {345–358},
abstract = {This article reports the results of a study evaluating a book-supported primary prevention program "Dominique's Handy Tricks" for anxiety disorders in children aged 9-12 years. This cognitive-behavioural program is delivered using a combination of storybooks and workshop sessions. The originality of the program comes from the use of storybooks that were not developed specifically for anxiety management. Every session is based on a story describing characters facing common stressors and how they manage to cope with their daily problems. In our randomized control trial with 46 children, participation in the program led to a significant improvement in coping skills, perceived self-efficacy, anxiety sensitivity, as well as in symptoms of anxiety and fear. The theoretical and practical elements underlying the delivery of this primary prevention program are described. Conclusion: It is suggested that such an approach, without any labelling specific to anxiety disorders, can be useful in primary prevention programs. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.},
keywords = {Adaptation, adaptive behavior, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety sensitivity, article, Bibliotherapy, book, Books, Child, Children, cognitive therapy, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, female, human, Humans, male, methodology, Primary Prevention, procedures, Program Evaluation, Psychological, randomized controlled trial, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Self-efficacy, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This article reports the results of a study evaluating a book-supported primary prevention program "Dominique's Handy Tricks" for anxiety disorders in children aged 9-12 years. This cognitive-behavioural program is delivered using a combination of storybooks and workshop sessions. The originality of the program comes from the use of storybooks that were not developed specifically for anxiety management. Every session is based on a story describing characters facing common stressors and how they manage to cope with their daily problems. In our randomized control trial with 46 children, participation in the program led to a significant improvement in coping skills, perceived self-efficacy, anxiety sensitivity, as well as in symptoms of anxiety and fear. The theoretical and practical elements underlying the delivery of this primary prevention program are described. Conclusion: It is suggested that such an approach, without any labelling specific to anxiety disorders, can be useful in primary prevention programs. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
4.
Aimé, A.; Cotton, K.; Bouchard, S.
Reactivity to VR immersions in women with weight and shape concerns Journal Article
In: Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 115–126, 2009, ISSN: 17849934.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Anxiety, article, Beck Depression Inventory, body build, body image, body weight, computer program, controlled study, Eating Attitude Test 26, eating disorder inventory, feeding behavior, female, human, human experiment, named inventories, normal human, One Item Rating of Anxiety, Presence Questionnaire, questionnaires and rating scales, Self Concept, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, virtual reality
@article{aime_reactivity_2009,
title = {Reactivity to VR immersions in women with weight and shape concerns},
author = {A. Aimé and K. Cotton and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960447464&partnerID=40&md5=2984dee26fb2f85fe4b242bfcf05a9c1},
issn = {17849934},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cyber Therapy and Rehabilitation},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {115–126},
abstract = {Although virtual reality (VR) is a promising exposure technique for people suffering from an eating disorder, it had not been used with women who show significant but subclinical concerns with their weight and shape. Twenty-seven women took part in three immersions in VR (10 concerned and 17 non-concerned). Measures of anxiety were taken before, during and after the immersions. Weight, shape and food concerns, drive for thinness and body dissatisfactions were measured immediately after the immersions. Compared to the neutral environment, the buffet and pool immersions caused a significantly higher level of anxiety and weight preoccupations among the women who were concerned than among those who weren't. The study conclude VR is effective through the continuum of eating disorders. Not only does it arouse reactions within people suffering from an eating disorder, but also among women concerned by their weight and shape. © Virtual Reality Medical Institute.},
keywords = {adult, Anxiety, article, Beck Depression Inventory, body build, body image, body weight, computer program, controlled study, Eating Attitude Test 26, eating disorder inventory, feeding behavior, female, human, human experiment, named inventories, normal human, One Item Rating of Anxiety, Presence Questionnaire, questionnaires and rating scales, Self Concept, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although virtual reality (VR) is a promising exposure technique for people suffering from an eating disorder, it had not been used with women who show significant but subclinical concerns with their weight and shape. Twenty-seven women took part in three immersions in VR (10 concerned and 17 non-concerned). Measures of anxiety were taken before, during and after the immersions. Weight, shape and food concerns, drive for thinness and body dissatisfactions were measured immediately after the immersions. Compared to the neutral environment, the buffet and pool immersions caused a significantly higher level of anxiety and weight preoccupations among the women who were concerned than among those who weren't. The study conclude VR is effective through the continuum of eating disorders. Not only does it arouse reactions within people suffering from an eating disorder, but also among women concerned by their weight and shape. © Virtual Reality Medical Institute.
5.
Girard, B.; Turcotte, V.; Bouchard, S.; Girard, B.
Crushing virtual cigarettes reduces tobacco addiction and treatment discontinuation Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology and Behavior, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 477–483, 2009, ISSN: 10949313 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, aged, analysis of variance, article, behavior therapy, cigarette smoking, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, controlled study, female, game, human, Humans, Learning, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, motivation, Patient Compliance, Pilot Projects, pilot study, psychosocial care, Self Concept, Smoking Cessation, Therapy, tobacco dependence, Tobacco Use Disorder, treatment outcome, treatment withdrawal, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Young Adult
@article{girard_crushing_2009,
title = {Crushing virtual cigarettes reduces tobacco addiction and treatment discontinuation},
author = {B. Girard and V. Turcotte and S. Bouchard and B. Girard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350096404&doi=10.1089%2fcpb.2009.0118&partnerID=40&md5=e5ea20a75a7e0112cd9c98666d32d438},
doi = {10.1089/cpb.2009.0118},
issn = {10949313 (ISSN)},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology and Behavior},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {477–483},
abstract = {Pilot studies revealed promising results regarding crushing virtual cigarettes to reduce tobacco addiction. In this study, 91 regular smokers were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions that differ only by the action performed in the virtual environment: crushing virtual cigarettes or grasping virtual balls. All participants also received minimal psychosocial support from nurses during each of 12 visits to the clinic. An affordable virtual reality system was used (eMagin HMD) with a virtual environment created by modifying a 3D game. Results revealed that crushing virtual cigarettes during 4 weekly sessions led to a statistically significant reduction in nicotine addiction (assessed with the Fagerström test), abstinence rate (confirmed with exhaled carbon monoxide), and drop-out rate from the 12-week psychosocial minimal-support treatment program. Increased retention in the program is discussed as a potential explanation for treatment success, and hypotheses are raised about self-efficacy, motivation, and learning. © Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2009.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, analysis of variance, article, behavior therapy, cigarette smoking, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, controlled study, female, game, human, Humans, Learning, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, motivation, Patient Compliance, Pilot Projects, pilot study, psychosocial care, Self Concept, Smoking Cessation, Therapy, tobacco dependence, Tobacco Use Disorder, treatment outcome, treatment withdrawal, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pilot studies revealed promising results regarding crushing virtual cigarettes to reduce tobacco addiction. In this study, 91 regular smokers were randomly assigned to two treatment conditions that differ only by the action performed in the virtual environment: crushing virtual cigarettes or grasping virtual balls. All participants also received minimal psychosocial support from nurses during each of 12 visits to the clinic. An affordable virtual reality system was used (eMagin HMD) with a virtual environment created by modifying a 3D game. Results revealed that crushing virtual cigarettes during 4 weekly sessions led to a statistically significant reduction in nicotine addiction (assessed with the Fagerström test), abstinence rate (confirmed with exhaled carbon monoxide), and drop-out rate from the 12-week psychosocial minimal-support treatment program. Increased retention in the program is discussed as a potential explanation for treatment success, and hypotheses are raised about self-efficacy, motivation, and learning. © Copyright 2009, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2009.
6.
Bouchard, S.; Gauthier, J.; Nouwen, A.; Ivers, H.; Vallières, A.; Simard, S.; Fournier, T.
Temporal relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self-efficacy and panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia Journal Article
In: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 275–292, 2007, ISSN: 00057916.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, agoraphobia, article, Aversive Therapy, behavior therapy, Circadian Rhythm, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive therapy, controlled study, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, female, Health Status, human, Humans, Individuality, male, Medical Records, Models, panic, Panic Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Sensation, Time Factors, treatment outcome
@article{bouchard_temporal_2007,
title = {Temporal relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self-efficacy and panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia},
author = {S. Bouchard and J. Gauthier and A. Nouwen and H. Ivers and A. Vallières and S. Simard and T. Fournier},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447561574&doi=10.1016%2fj.jbtep.2006.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=8f563e24b9c604c9a3b1361da1f84bf4},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.08.002},
issn = {00057916},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {275–292},
abstract = {The aim of this study is to assess if changes in dysfunctional beliefs and self-efficacy precede changes in panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Subjects participated in a larger study comparing the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and exposure. Four variables were measured: (a) the strength of each subject's main belief toward the consequence of a panic attack; (b) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic body sensations; (c) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic thoughts; and (d) the level of panic apprehension of a panic attack. Variables were recorded daily on a "0" to "100" scale using category partitioning. Multivariate time series analysis and "causality testing" showed that, for all participants, cognitive changes preceded changes in the level of panic apprehension. Important individual differences were observed in the contribution of each variable to the prediction of change in panic apprehension. Changes in apprehension were preceded by changes in belief in three cases, by changes in self-efficacy in six cases, and by changes in both belief and self-efficacy in the remaining three cases. This pattern was observed in participants in the exposure condition as well as those in the cognitive restructuring condition. These results provide more empirical support to the hypothesis that cognitive changes precede improvement. They also underlie the importance of individual differences in the process of change. Finally, this study does not support the hypothesis that exposure and cognitive restructuring operate through different mechanisms, namely a behavioral one and a cognitive one. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Aversive Therapy, behavior therapy, Circadian Rhythm, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive therapy, controlled study, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, female, Health Status, human, Humans, Individuality, male, Medical Records, Models, panic, Panic Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Sensation, Time Factors, treatment outcome},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The aim of this study is to assess if changes in dysfunctional beliefs and self-efficacy precede changes in panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Subjects participated in a larger study comparing the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and exposure. Four variables were measured: (a) the strength of each subject's main belief toward the consequence of a panic attack; (b) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic body sensations; (c) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic thoughts; and (d) the level of panic apprehension of a panic attack. Variables were recorded daily on a "0" to "100" scale using category partitioning. Multivariate time series analysis and "causality testing" showed that, for all participants, cognitive changes preceded changes in the level of panic apprehension. Important individual differences were observed in the contribution of each variable to the prediction of change in panic apprehension. Changes in apprehension were preceded by changes in belief in three cases, by changes in self-efficacy in six cases, and by changes in both belief and self-efficacy in the remaining three cases. This pattern was observed in participants in the exposure condition as well as those in the cognitive restructuring condition. These results provide more empirical support to the hypothesis that cognitive changes precede improvement. They also underlie the importance of individual differences in the process of change. Finally, this study does not support the hypothesis that exposure and cognitive restructuring operate through different mechanisms, namely a behavioral one and a cognitive one. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
7.
Bouchard, S.; Côté, S.; St-Jacques, J.; Robillard, G.; Renaud, P.
Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3D games Journal Article
In: Technology and Health Care, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 19–27, 2006, ISSN: 09287329 (ISSN), (Publisher: IOS Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: arachnophobia, Araneae, article, avoidance behavior, clinical article, computer program, exposure, female, game, Games, human, male, phobia, priority journal, Self Concept, Specific phobia, treatment outcome, virtual reality
@article{bouchard_effectiveness_2006,
title = {Effectiveness of virtual reality exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using 3D games},
author = {S. Bouchard and S. Côté and J. St-Jacques and G. Robillard and P. Renaud},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33644903496&doi=10.3233%2fthc-2006-14103&partnerID=40&md5=3ba6883c3fa7fed039b0cc3bff10879e},
doi = {10.3233/thc-2006-14103},
issn = {09287329 (ISSN)},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Technology and Health Care},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {19–27},
abstract = {Buying or creating a virtual reality (VR) software is very costly. A less expensive alternative could be to modify already existing 3D computer games. The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of in virtuo exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using modified 3D games. Participants were 10 women and 1 man. Virtual worlds were created using the game editor of a 3D computer game (Half-Life™), modified to offer graduals hierarchies of fearful stimuli (spiders). Analyses revealed significant improvement between pre and post results on the behavioral avoidance test, the Spider Beliefs Questionnaire, and perceived self-efficacy. These promising results suggest that therapy using virtual reality exposure via a modified computer game is useful in the treatment of arachnophobia. © 2006 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: IOS Press},
keywords = {arachnophobia, Araneae, article, avoidance behavior, clinical article, computer program, exposure, female, game, Games, human, male, phobia, priority journal, Self Concept, Specific phobia, treatment outcome, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Buying or creating a virtual reality (VR) software is very costly. A less expensive alternative could be to modify already existing 3D computer games. The goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of in virtuo exposure in the treatment of arachnophobia using modified 3D games. Participants were 10 women and 1 man. Virtual worlds were created using the game editor of a 3D computer game (Half-Life™), modified to offer graduals hierarchies of fearful stimuli (spiders). Analyses revealed significant improvement between pre and post results on the behavioral avoidance test, the Spider Beliefs Questionnaire, and perceived self-efficacy. These promising results suggest that therapy using virtual reality exposure via a modified computer game is useful in the treatment of arachnophobia. © 2006 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
8.
Robillard, G.; Bouchard, S.; Fournier, T.; Renaud, P.
In: Cyberpsychology and Behavior, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 467–476, 2003, ISSN: 10949313 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Anxiety, article, clinical article, computer, computer program, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, controlled study, correlation analysis, Desensitization, emotion, exposure, female, game, human, Humans, male, Matched-Pair Analysis, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, phobia, Phobic Disorders, Psychologic, psychotherapy, Reality Testing, Reference Values, regression analysis, Self Concept, Space Perception, symptom, Therapy, User-Computer Interface, Video Games, virtual reality, visual stimulation
@article{robillard_anxiety_2003,
title = {Anxiety and Presence during VR Immersion: A Comparative Study of the Reactions of Phobic and Non-phobic Participants in Therapeutic Virtual Environments Derived from Computer Games},
author = {G. Robillard and S. Bouchard and T. Fournier and P. Renaud},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142063106&doi=10.1089%2f109493103769710497&partnerID=40&md5=0d245828ebefb17548822c4c316f5721},
doi = {10.1089/109493103769710497},
issn = {10949313 (ISSN)},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology and Behavior},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {467–476},
abstract = {Virtual reality can be used to provide phobic clients with therapeutic exposure to phobogenic stimuli. However, purpose-built therapeutic VR hardware and software can be expensive and difficult to adapt to individual client needs. In this study, inexpensive and readily adaptable PC computer games were used to provide exposure therapy to 13 phobic participants and 13 non-phobic control participants. It was found that anxiety could be induced in phobic participants by exposing them to phobogenic stimuli in therapeutic virtual environments derived from computer games (TVEDG). Assessments were made of the impact of simulator sickness and of sense of presence on the phobogenic effectiveness of TVEDGs. Participants reported low levels of simulator sickness, and the results indicate that simulator sickness had no significant impact on either anxiety or sense of presence. Group differences, correlations, and regression analyses indicate a synergistic relationship between presence and anxiety. These results do not support Slater's contention that presence and emotion are orthogonal.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Anxiety, article, clinical article, computer, computer program, Computer Simulation, Computer-Assisted, controlled study, correlation analysis, Desensitization, emotion, exposure, female, game, human, Humans, male, Matched-Pair Analysis, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, phobia, Phobic Disorders, Psychologic, psychotherapy, Reality Testing, Reference Values, regression analysis, Self Concept, Space Perception, symptom, Therapy, User-Computer Interface, Video Games, virtual reality, visual stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Virtual reality can be used to provide phobic clients with therapeutic exposure to phobogenic stimuli. However, purpose-built therapeutic VR hardware and software can be expensive and difficult to adapt to individual client needs. In this study, inexpensive and readily adaptable PC computer games were used to provide exposure therapy to 13 phobic participants and 13 non-phobic control participants. It was found that anxiety could be induced in phobic participants by exposing them to phobogenic stimuli in therapeutic virtual environments derived from computer games (TVEDG). Assessments were made of the impact of simulator sickness and of sense of presence on the phobogenic effectiveness of TVEDGs. Participants reported low levels of simulator sickness, and the results indicate that simulator sickness had no significant impact on either anxiety or sense of presence. Group differences, correlations, and regression analyses indicate a synergistic relationship between presence and anxiety. These results do not support Slater's contention that presence and emotion are orthogonal.