Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Jeanningros, A.; Baillot, A.; Corno, G.; Rivard, M. -C.; Aimé, A.; Bouchard, S.
Validation of a Virtual Environment to Induce State Social Physique Anxiety in Women with Obesity and Social Physique Anxiety Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, vol. 12, no. 18, 2023, ISSN: 20770383, (Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, analysis of covariance, article, clinical article, controlled study, disease simulation, Fear, female, human, immersion, obesity, questionnaire, self report, social anxiety, swimming pool, validation process, virtual reality, visual analog scale
@article{jeanningros_validation_2023,
title = {Validation of a Virtual Environment to Induce State Social Physique Anxiety in Women with Obesity and Social Physique Anxiety},
author = {A. Jeanningros and A. Baillot and G. Corno and M. -C. Rivard and A. Aimé and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85172809066&doi=10.3390%2fjcm12186065&partnerID=40&md5=27989e0e8e959a373732f11758e997b5},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12186065},
issn = {20770383},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {18},
abstract = {State Social Physique Anxiety (SPA), in contrast to Trait SPA, is triggered by specific situations that elicit SPA. To date, no research has used virtual reality (VR) to recreate a situation that may elicit State SPA. The purpose of this study is to validate a virtual environment (VE) that simulates an anxiogenic situation to induce State SPA in women with obesity and high SPA. The high SPA group consisted of 25 self-identified women living with obesity and high Trait SPA. The low SPA group consisted of 20 self-identified women with low SPA. All participants were immersed in a virtual swimming pool environment for 10 min using a virtual reality headset. After the immersion, State SPA and fear of being negatively judged felt during immersion were measured with self-report questionnaires. A questionnaire assessing unwanted negative side effects was administered before and after the immersion. Using an ANCOVA with Trait SPA as covariate, State SPA was found to be significantly higher in the high SPA group. Fear of being judged negatively was also significantly higher in the high SPA group. Unwanted negative side effects scores did not increase post-immersion in either group. This study documents the validity of a novel VE for inducing State SPA in women with obesity and high SPA. © 2023 by the authors.},
note = {Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
keywords = {adult, analysis of covariance, article, clinical article, controlled study, disease simulation, Fear, female, human, immersion, obesity, questionnaire, self report, social anxiety, swimming pool, validation process, virtual reality, visual analog scale},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
State Social Physique Anxiety (SPA), in contrast to Trait SPA, is triggered by specific situations that elicit SPA. To date, no research has used virtual reality (VR) to recreate a situation that may elicit State SPA. The purpose of this study is to validate a virtual environment (VE) that simulates an anxiogenic situation to induce State SPA in women with obesity and high SPA. The high SPA group consisted of 25 self-identified women living with obesity and high Trait SPA. The low SPA group consisted of 20 self-identified women with low SPA. All participants were immersed in a virtual swimming pool environment for 10 min using a virtual reality headset. After the immersion, State SPA and fear of being negatively judged felt during immersion were measured with self-report questionnaires. A questionnaire assessing unwanted negative side effects was administered before and after the immersion. Using an ANCOVA with Trait SPA as covariate, State SPA was found to be significantly higher in the high SPA group. Fear of being judged negatively was also significantly higher in the high SPA group. Unwanted negative side effects scores did not increase post-immersion in either group. This study documents the validity of a novel VE for inducing State SPA in women with obesity and high SPA. © 2023 by the authors.
2.
Bérubé, A.; Turgeon, J.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.
Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review Journal Article
In: Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 278–294, 2023, ISSN: 15248380 (ISSN), (Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, anger, Child, Child Abuse, childhood maltreatment, cycle of maltreatment, emotion, Emotion Recognition, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, human, Humans, perception, physiology, psychology, systematic review
@article{berube_emotion_2023,
title = {Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review},
author = {A. Bérubé and J. Turgeon and C. Blais and D. Fiset},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109658115&doi=10.1177%2f15248380211029403&partnerID=40&md5=5654c858d5c0c84bfdd832a4c04dd1d5},
doi = {10.1177/15248380211029403},
issn = {15248380 (ISSN)},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-01},
journal = {Trauma, Violence, and Abuse},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {278–294},
abstract = {Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions. © The Author(s) 2021.},
note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd},
keywords = {adult, anger, Child, Child Abuse, childhood maltreatment, cycle of maltreatment, emotion, Emotion Recognition, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, human, Humans, perception, physiology, psychology, systematic review},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions. © The Author(s) 2021.
3.
Sekhon, H.; Lavin, P.; Vacaflor, B.; Rigas, C.; Cinalioglu, K.; Su, C. -L.; Bodenstein, K.; Dikaios, E.; Goodman, A.; Raymond, F. C.; Ibrahim, M.; Bein, M.; Gruber, J.; Se, J.; Sasi, N.; Walsh, C.; Nazar, R.; Hanganu, C.; Berkani, S.; Royal, I.; Schiavetto, A.; Looper, K.; Launay, C.; McDonald, E. G.; Seitz, D.; Kumar, S.; Beauchet, O.; Khoury, B.; Bouchard, S.; Battistini, B.; Fallavollita, P.; Miresco, M.; Bruneau, M. -A.; Vahia, I.; Bukhari, S.; Rej, S.
Isolating together during COVID-19: Results from the Telehealth Intervention Program for older adults Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Medicine, vol. 9, 2022, ISSN: 2296858X, (Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aged, Anxiety, article, cohort analysis, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, demographics, Depression, Fear, female, human, longitudinal study, major clinical study, male, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, physiological stress, prospective study, Quebec, telehealth
@article{sekhon_isolating_2022,
title = {Isolating together during COVID-19: Results from the Telehealth Intervention Program for older adults},
author = {H. Sekhon and P. Lavin and B. Vacaflor and C. Rigas and K. Cinalioglu and C. -L. Su and K. Bodenstein and E. Dikaios and A. Goodman and F. C. Raymond and M. Ibrahim and M. Bein and J. Gruber and J. Se and N. Sasi and C. Walsh and R. Nazar and C. Hanganu and S. Berkani and I. Royal and A. Schiavetto and K. Looper and C. Launay and E. G. McDonald and D. Seitz and S. Kumar and O. Beauchet and B. Khoury and S. Bouchard and B. Battistini and P. Fallavollita and M. Miresco and M. -A. Bruneau and I. Vahia and S. Bukhari and S. Rej},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140408885&doi=10.3389%2ffmed.2022.948506&partnerID=40&md5=914f535ebf7ead4bbacb04ee66f75e17},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.948506},
issn = {2296858X},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Medicine},
volume = {9},
abstract = {Background: A pressing challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond is to provide accessible and scalable mental health support to isolated older adults in the community. The Telehealth Intervention Program for Older Adults (TIP-OA) is a large-scale, volunteer-based, friendly telephone support program designed to address this unmet need. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 112 TIP-OA participants aged ≥60 years old was conducted in Quebec, Canada (October 2020–June 2021). The intervention consisted of weekly friendly phone calls from trained volunteers. The primary outcome measures included changes in scores of stress, depression, anxiety, and fear surrounding COVID-19, assessed at baseline, 4 and 8-weeks. Additional subgroup analyses were performed with participants with higher baseline scores. Results: The subgroup of participants with higher baseline depression scores (PHQ9 ≥10) had significant improvements in depression scores over the 8-week period measured [mean change score = −2.27 (±4.76), 95%CI (−3.719, −0.827)},
note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.},
keywords = {aged, Anxiety, article, cohort analysis, controlled study, coronavirus disease 2019, demographics, Depression, Fear, female, human, longitudinal study, major clinical study, male, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, physiological stress, prospective study, Quebec, telehealth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: A pressing challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond is to provide accessible and scalable mental health support to isolated older adults in the community. The Telehealth Intervention Program for Older Adults (TIP-OA) is a large-scale, volunteer-based, friendly telephone support program designed to address this unmet need. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 112 TIP-OA participants aged ≥60 years old was conducted in Quebec, Canada (October 2020–June 2021). The intervention consisted of weekly friendly phone calls from trained volunteers. The primary outcome measures included changes in scores of stress, depression, anxiety, and fear surrounding COVID-19, assessed at baseline, 4 and 8-weeks. Additional subgroup analyses were performed with participants with higher baseline scores. Results: The subgroup of participants with higher baseline depression scores (PHQ9 ≥10) had significant improvements in depression scores over the 8-week period measured [mean change score = −2.27 (±4.76), 95%CI (−3.719, −0.827)
4.
Turgeon, J.; Berube, A.; Blais, C.; Lemieux, A.; Fournier, A.
Recognition of children's emotional facial expressions among mothers reporting a history of childhood maltreatment Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 15, no. 12 December, 2020, ISSN: 19326203, (Publisher: Public Library of Science).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Adverse Childhood Experiences, anger, article, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, disgust, emotion, emotional neglect, Emotions, Facial Expression, Facial Recognition, Fear, female, happiness, human, Humans, major clinical study, male, mother, Mothers, parenthood, path analysis, physical abuse, Preschool, preschool child, psychology, recognition, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, sadness, self report, sexual abuse, structural equation modeling, Young Adult
@article{turgeon_recognition_2020,
title = {Recognition of children's emotional facial expressions among mothers reporting a history of childhood maltreatment},
author = {J. Turgeon and A. Berube and C. Blais and A. Lemieux and A. Fournier},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098916379&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0243083&partnerID=40&md5=2ef477465c0ad75d67b7f13d05f783b2},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0243083},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {15},
number = {12 December},
abstract = {Several studies have shown that child maltreatment is associated with both positive and negative effects on the recognition of facial emotions. Research has provided little evidence of a relation between maltreatment during childhood and young adults' ability to recognize facial displays of emotion in children, an essential skill for a sensitive parental response. In this study, we examined the consequences of different forms of maltreatment experienced in childhood on emotion recognition during parenthood. Participants included sixty-three mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years. Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment were assessed using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Emotion recognition was measured using a morphed facial emotion identification task of all six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). A Path Analysis via Structural Equation Model revealed that a history of physical abuse is related to a decreased ability to recognize both fear and sadness in children, whereas emotional abuse and sexual abuse are related to a decreased ability to recognize anger in children. In addition, emotional neglect is associated with an increased ability to recognize anger, whereas physical neglect is associated with less accuracy in recognizing happiness in children's facial emotional expressions. These findings have important clinical implications and expand current understanding of the consequences of childhood maltreatment on parents' ability to detect children's needs. © 2020 Turgeon et al.},
note = {Publisher: Public Library of Science},
keywords = {adult, Adverse Childhood Experiences, anger, article, Child, Child Abuse, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, disgust, emotion, emotional neglect, Emotions, Facial Expression, Facial Recognition, Fear, female, happiness, human, Humans, major clinical study, male, mother, Mothers, parenthood, path analysis, physical abuse, Preschool, preschool child, psychology, recognition, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, sadness, self report, sexual abuse, structural equation modeling, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Several studies have shown that child maltreatment is associated with both positive and negative effects on the recognition of facial emotions. Research has provided little evidence of a relation between maltreatment during childhood and young adults' ability to recognize facial displays of emotion in children, an essential skill for a sensitive parental response. In this study, we examined the consequences of different forms of maltreatment experienced in childhood on emotion recognition during parenthood. Participants included sixty-three mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years. Retrospective self-reports of childhood maltreatment were assessed using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Emotion recognition was measured using a morphed facial emotion identification task of all six basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise). A Path Analysis via Structural Equation Model revealed that a history of physical abuse is related to a decreased ability to recognize both fear and sadness in children, whereas emotional abuse and sexual abuse are related to a decreased ability to recognize anger in children. In addition, emotional neglect is associated with an increased ability to recognize anger, whereas physical neglect is associated with less accuracy in recognizing happiness in children's facial emotional expressions. These findings have important clinical implications and expand current understanding of the consequences of childhood maltreatment on parents' ability to detect children's needs. © 2020 Turgeon et al.
5.
Tardif, N.; Therrien, C. -E.; Bouchard, S.
Re-Examining Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Virtual Reality-Based Exposure for Spider Phobia Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 39–45, 2019, ISSN: 21522715, (Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: animal, Animals, Fear, Heart Rate, human, Humans, phobia, Phobic Disorders, physiology, psychology, questionnaire, spider, Spiders, Surveys and Questionnaires, virtual reality exposure therapy
@article{tardif_re-examining_2019,
title = {Re-Examining Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Virtual Reality-Based Exposure for Spider Phobia},
author = {N. Tardif and C. -E. Therrien and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060171246&doi=10.1089%2fcyber.2017.0711&partnerID=40&md5=43737ac357efea6e35bd5668eb17e040},
doi = {10.1089/cyber.2017.0711},
issn = {21522715},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {39–45},
abstract = {The proposed study aims at expanding results from a previous study on mechanisms of change after exposure in virtual reality (VR) and documenting the impact of adding tactile and haptic feedback. It was predicted that change in the severity of spider phobia according to the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) would be significantly predicted by change in dysfunctional beliefs toward spiders and self-efficacy, over and above the variance explained by a physiological measure of fear during exposure (heart rate) and presence during the immersion. Participants (N = 59) were randomly assigned to the presentation of visual stimuli only, visual plus tactile stimuli, or visual, tactile plus haptic feedback stimuli. A standard multiple regression was conducted to predict change on the FSQ using the following predictors: beliefs about spiders, beliefs about one's own behavior when facing spiders, perceived self-efficacy, disgust, presence, and heart rate. Only changes in beliefs about spiders and in perceived self-efficacy significantly predicted the reduction in fear of spiders. This result enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in exposure conducted in VR. Analyses of variance also show that participants reported statistically significant changes in their clinical condition, with little added value to the addition of tactile and haptic feedback. The advantages of tactile and haptic stimulation are questioned, at least in the context of only one brief exposure session and the equipment used. © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
note = {Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},
keywords = {animal, Animals, Fear, Heart Rate, human, Humans, phobia, Phobic Disorders, physiology, psychology, questionnaire, spider, Spiders, Surveys and Questionnaires, virtual reality exposure therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The proposed study aims at expanding results from a previous study on mechanisms of change after exposure in virtual reality (VR) and documenting the impact of adding tactile and haptic feedback. It was predicted that change in the severity of spider phobia according to the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) would be significantly predicted by change in dysfunctional beliefs toward spiders and self-efficacy, over and above the variance explained by a physiological measure of fear during exposure (heart rate) and presence during the immersion. Participants (N = 59) were randomly assigned to the presentation of visual stimuli only, visual plus tactile stimuli, or visual, tactile plus haptic feedback stimuli. A standard multiple regression was conducted to predict change on the FSQ using the following predictors: beliefs about spiders, beliefs about one's own behavior when facing spiders, perceived self-efficacy, disgust, presence, and heart rate. Only changes in beliefs about spiders and in perceived self-efficacy significantly predicted the reduction in fear of spiders. This result enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in exposure conducted in VR. Analyses of variance also show that participants reported statistically significant changes in their clinical condition, with little added value to the addition of tactile and haptic feedback. The advantages of tactile and haptic stimulation are questioned, at least in the context of only one brief exposure session and the equipment used. © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
6.
Quintana, P.; Nolet, K.; Baus, O.; Bouchard, S.
The effect of exposure to fear-related body odorants on anxiety and interpersonal trust toward a virtual character Journal Article
In: Chemical Senses, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 683–692, 2019, ISSN: 0379864X, (Publisher: Oxford University Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Anxiety, article, body odor, body odorant, chemistry, controlled study, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, fragrance, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, metabolism, Middle Aged, odor, Odorants, pathology, Pleasure, priority journal, Sweat, sweating, Trust, unclassified drug, virtual reality, Young Adult
@article{quintana_effect_2019,
title = {The effect of exposure to fear-related body odorants on anxiety and interpersonal trust toward a virtual character},
author = {P. Quintana and K. Nolet and O. Baus and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074305238&doi=10.1093%2fchemse%2fbjz063&partnerID=40&md5=50ec319370e1688498abfa845c7ec343},
doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjz063},
issn = {0379864X},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Chemical Senses},
volume = {44},
number = {9},
pages = {683–692},
abstract = {A growing body of literature documents how exposure to another person's fear-related body odorants can increase one's own anxiety and interfere with processing of social information, such as facial expression and impression formation. Building on these results, we aimed to 1) test the hypothesis that exposure to fear-related odorant would affect impression formation through fear contagion and 2) verify whether these effects can be observed in an ecologically valid (i.e., virtual) environment. We proposed that exposure to fear-related odorant would cause receivers to feel more anxious, which in turn would lead them to report less trust toward an unknown virtual character. This study had 2 distinct phases. First, we collected perspiration odorants from the armpits of 12 male senders (i.e., the source of the odorant) during the viewing of either fear or joy inducing film clips. In the second phase, 53 women receivers were exposed to either a fear, joy, or neutral odorant (i.e., between-subjects design) by breathing through a gauze attached to a disposable respirator mask while immersed in a virtual bar. As expected, receivers exposed to fear odorants felt significantly more stressed. Mediation analysis also revealed an indirect effect of exposure on trust through anxiety. More specifically, the more anxious the receiver felt, the less she trusted the virtual character. Our results show for the first time that the impact of exposure to fear-related body odorants on negative interpersonal impression formation is mediated by the anxiety induced in the receiver. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.},
note = {Publisher: Oxford University Press},
keywords = {adult, Anxiety, article, body odor, body odorant, chemistry, controlled study, emotion, Emotions, exposure, Fear, female, fragrance, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, metabolism, Middle Aged, odor, Odorants, pathology, Pleasure, priority journal, Sweat, sweating, Trust, unclassified drug, virtual reality, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A growing body of literature documents how exposure to another person's fear-related body odorants can increase one's own anxiety and interfere with processing of social information, such as facial expression and impression formation. Building on these results, we aimed to 1) test the hypothesis that exposure to fear-related odorant would affect impression formation through fear contagion and 2) verify whether these effects can be observed in an ecologically valid (i.e., virtual) environment. We proposed that exposure to fear-related odorant would cause receivers to feel more anxious, which in turn would lead them to report less trust toward an unknown virtual character. This study had 2 distinct phases. First, we collected perspiration odorants from the armpits of 12 male senders (i.e., the source of the odorant) during the viewing of either fear or joy inducing film clips. In the second phase, 53 women receivers were exposed to either a fear, joy, or neutral odorant (i.e., between-subjects design) by breathing through a gauze attached to a disposable respirator mask while immersed in a virtual bar. As expected, receivers exposed to fear odorants felt significantly more stressed. Mediation analysis also revealed an indirect effect of exposure on trust through anxiety. More specifically, the more anxious the receiver felt, the less she trusted the virtual character. Our results show for the first time that the impact of exposure to fear-related body odorants on negative interpersonal impression formation is mediated by the anxiety induced in the receiver. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
7.
Dumoulin, S.; Bouchard, S.; Ellis, J.; Lavoie, K. L.; Vézina, M. -P.; Charbonneau, P.; Tardif, J.; Hajjar, A.
In: Games for Health Journal, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 285–293, 2019, ISSN: 2161783X (ISSN), (Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, analgesia, analysis of variance, Child, Child Life, Children, controlled study, Distraction, Emergency Service, Fear, female, Hospital, hospital emergency service, human, Humans, male, Ontario, organization and management, Pain analgesia, Pain Management, Phlebotomy, procedures, psychology, randomized controlled trial, virtual reality
@article{dumoulin_randomized_2019,
title = {A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Use of Virtual Reality for Needle-Related Procedures in Children and Adolescents in the Emergency Department},
author = {S. Dumoulin and S. Bouchard and J. Ellis and K. L. Lavoie and M. -P. Vézina and P. Charbonneau and J. Tardif and A. Hajjar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070371865&doi=10.1089%2fg4h.2018.0111&partnerID=40&md5=7e08321a27d48f8221f1aa092a77dbda},
doi = {10.1089/g4h.2018.0111},
issn = {2161783X (ISSN)},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-01-01},
journal = {Games for Health Journal},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {285–293},
abstract = {Objective: A large number of children report fear and distress when undergoing blood work and intravenous placement. In pediatric departments, Child Life interventions are considered to be the gold standard in nonmedical pain management techniques. Virtual reality (VR) has also been identified as an effective tool for pain distraction in children undergoing painful medical procedures. The aim of this study was to document the efficacy of VR as a mode of distraction during a medical procedure compared with two comparison conditions: watching television (TV, minimal control condition) and distraction provided by the Child Life (CL, gold standard control condition) program. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 children aged 8-17 years (35% female) were recruited through the emergency department (ED) of the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. The key outcome measures were visual analog scale ratings of pain intensity and fear of pain, administrated before and right after the procedure. Patient satisfaction was also measured after the intervention. Results: A significant reduction in fear of pain and pain intensity was reported in all three conditions. A larger and statistically significant reduction in fear of pain was observed among children who used VR distraction compared with the CL and TV conditions, but this effect was not observed for pain intensity. The children's satisfaction with the VR procedure was significantly higher than for TV and comparable to CL. Discussion: The advantages of using VR in the ED to manage pain in children are discussed. © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
note = {Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, analgesia, analysis of variance, Child, Child Life, Children, controlled study, Distraction, Emergency Service, Fear, female, Hospital, hospital emergency service, human, Humans, male, Ontario, organization and management, Pain analgesia, Pain Management, Phlebotomy, procedures, psychology, randomized controlled trial, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Objective: A large number of children report fear and distress when undergoing blood work and intravenous placement. In pediatric departments, Child Life interventions are considered to be the gold standard in nonmedical pain management techniques. Virtual reality (VR) has also been identified as an effective tool for pain distraction in children undergoing painful medical procedures. The aim of this study was to document the efficacy of VR as a mode of distraction during a medical procedure compared with two comparison conditions: watching television (TV, minimal control condition) and distraction provided by the Child Life (CL, gold standard control condition) program. Materials and Methods: A total of 59 children aged 8-17 years (35% female) were recruited through the emergency department (ED) of the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. The key outcome measures were visual analog scale ratings of pain intensity and fear of pain, administrated before and right after the procedure. Patient satisfaction was also measured after the intervention. Results: A significant reduction in fear of pain and pain intensity was reported in all three conditions. A larger and statistically significant reduction in fear of pain was observed among children who used VR distraction compared with the CL and TV conditions, but this effect was not observed for pain intensity. The children's satisfaction with the VR procedure was significantly higher than for TV and comparable to CL. Discussion: The advantages of using VR in the ED to manage pain in children are discussed. © 2019, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
8.
Grenier, S.; Forget, H.; Bouchard, S.; Isere, S.; Belleville, S.; Potvin, O.; Rioux, M. -È.; Talbot, M.; Pachana, N. A.; Voshaar, R. C. Oude
In: International Psychogeriatrics, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1217–1225, 2015, ISSN: 10416102, (Publisher: Cambridge University Press).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, aging, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive therapy, Depression, disease association, exposure, Fear, generalized anxiety disorder, gerontopsychiatry, human, Humans, late life anxiety disorder, panic, patient counseling, posttraumatic stress disorder, procedures, psychology, randomized controlled trial (topic), relaxation training, Research, review, Social Support, treatment outcome, trends, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy
@article{grenier_using_2015,
title = {Using virtual reality to improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of late-life anxiety: Preliminary recommendations for future research},
author = {S. Grenier and H. Forget and S. Bouchard and S. Isere and S. Belleville and O. Potvin and M. -È. Rioux and M. Talbot and N. A. Pachana and R. C. Oude Voshaar},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931830085&doi=10.1017%2fS1041610214002300&partnerID=40&md5=6a937a7a7f13fca31c84fc7859b365d0},
doi = {10.1017/S1041610214002300},
issn = {10416102},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {International Psychogeriatrics},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {1217–1225},
abstract = {Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using traditional exposure techniques (i.e. imaginal and in vivo) seems less effective to treat anxiety in older adults than in younger ones. This is particularly true when imaginal exposure is used to confront the older patient to inaccessible (e.g. fear of flying) or less tangible/controllable anxiety triggers (e.g. fear of illness). Indeed, imaginal exposure may become less effective as the person gets older since normal aging is characterized by the decline in cognitive functions involved in the creation of vivid/detailed mental images. One way to circumvent this difficulty is to expose the older patient to a virtual environment that does not require the ability to imagine the frightening situation. In virtuo exposure has proven to be efficient to treat anxiety in working-age people. In virtuo exposure could be employed to improve the efficacy of CBT with exposure sessions in the treatment of late-life anxiety? The current paper explores this question and suggests new research avenues. Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.},
note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
keywords = {adult, aged, aging, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive therapy, Depression, disease association, exposure, Fear, generalized anxiety disorder, gerontopsychiatry, human, Humans, late life anxiety disorder, panic, patient counseling, posttraumatic stress disorder, procedures, psychology, randomized controlled trial (topic), relaxation training, Research, review, Social Support, treatment outcome, trends, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using traditional exposure techniques (i.e. imaginal and in vivo) seems less effective to treat anxiety in older adults than in younger ones. This is particularly true when imaginal exposure is used to confront the older patient to inaccessible (e.g. fear of flying) or less tangible/controllable anxiety triggers (e.g. fear of illness). Indeed, imaginal exposure may become less effective as the person gets older since normal aging is characterized by the decline in cognitive functions involved in the creation of vivid/detailed mental images. One way to circumvent this difficulty is to expose the older patient to a virtual environment that does not require the ability to imagine the frightening situation. In virtuo exposure has proven to be efficient to treat anxiety in working-age people. In virtuo exposure could be employed to improve the efficacy of CBT with exposure sessions in the treatment of late-life anxiety? The current paper explores this question and suggests new research avenues. Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.
9.
Roy, C.; Blais, C.; Fiset, D.; Rainville, P.; Gosselin, F.
Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions Journal Article
In: European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom), vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 852–860, 2015, ISSN: 10903801 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: anger, article, association, Classification, Cues, disgust, emotion, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, female, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, nociception, normal human, Pain, pain assessment, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, physiology, priority journal, procedures, random sample, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, sadness, statistical significance, Visual, visual information, visual stimulation
@article{roy_efficient_2015,
title = {Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions},
author = {C. Roy and C. Blais and D. Fiset and P. Rainville and F. Gosselin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929122739&doi=10.1002%2fejp.676&partnerID=40&md5=027f6da7b6d5c98c86de6a07766fb83d},
doi = {10.1002/ejp.676},
issn = {10903801 (ISSN)},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom)},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {852–860},
abstract = {Background The face as a visual stimulus is a reliable source of information for judging the pain experienced by others. Until now, most studies investigating the facial expression of pain have used a descriptive method (i.e. Facial Action Coding System). However, the facial features that are relevant for the observer in the identification of the expression of pain remain largely unknown despite the strong medical impact that misjudging pain can have on patients' well-being. Methods Here, we investigated this question by applying the Bubbles method. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to categorize facial expressions (the six basic emotions, pain and neutrality) displayed in stimuli obtained from a previously validated set and presented for 500 ms each. To determine the critical areas of the face used in this categorization task, the faces were partly masked based on random sampling of regions of the stimuli at different spatial frequency ranges. Results Results show that accurate pain discrimination relies mostly on the frown lines and the mouth. Finally, an ideal observer analysis indicated that the use of the frown lines in human observers could not be attributed to the objective 'informativeness' of this area. Conclusions Based on a recent study suggesting that this area codes for the affective dimension of pain, we propose that the visual system has evolved to focus primarily on the facial cues that signal the aversiveness of pain, consistent with the social role of facial expressions in the communication of potential threats. © 2015 European Pain Federation-EFIC®.},
keywords = {anger, article, association, Classification, Cues, disgust, emotion, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, female, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, nociception, normal human, Pain, pain assessment, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, physiology, priority journal, procedures, random sample, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, sadness, statistical significance, Visual, visual information, visual stimulation},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background The face as a visual stimulus is a reliable source of information for judging the pain experienced by others. Until now, most studies investigating the facial expression of pain have used a descriptive method (i.e. Facial Action Coding System). However, the facial features that are relevant for the observer in the identification of the expression of pain remain largely unknown despite the strong medical impact that misjudging pain can have on patients' well-being. Methods Here, we investigated this question by applying the Bubbles method. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to categorize facial expressions (the six basic emotions, pain and neutrality) displayed in stimuli obtained from a previously validated set and presented for 500 ms each. To determine the critical areas of the face used in this categorization task, the faces were partly masked based on random sampling of regions of the stimuli at different spatial frequency ranges. Results Results show that accurate pain discrimination relies mostly on the frown lines and the mouth. Finally, an ideal observer analysis indicated that the use of the frown lines in human observers could not be attributed to the objective 'informativeness' of this area. Conclusions Based on a recent study suggesting that this area codes for the affective dimension of pain, we propose that the visual system has evolved to focus primarily on the facial cues that signal the aversiveness of pain, consistent with the social role of facial expressions in the communication of potential threats. © 2015 European Pain Federation-EFIC®.
10.
Baus, O.; Bouchard, S.
Moving from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy: A review Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. MAR, 2014, ISSN: 16625161, (Publisher: Frontiers Media S. A.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: augmented reality exposure based therapy, behavior therapy, clinical effectiveness, Fear, history of medicine, human, intermethod comparison, phobia, review, safety, social phobia, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy
@article{baus_moving_2014,
title = {Moving from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy: A review},
author = {O. Baus and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897016348&doi=10.3389%2ffnhum.2014.00112&partnerID=40&md5=daae74386678a753194f5b127b852140},
doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2014.00112},
issn = {16625161},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},
volume = {8},
number = {MAR},
abstract = {This paper reviews the move from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy (ARET). Unlike virtual reality (VR), which entails a complete virtual environment (VE), augmented reality (AR) limits itself to producing certain virtual elements to then merge them into the view of the physical world. Although, the general public may only have become aware of AR in the last few years, AR type applications have been around since beginning of the twentieth century. Since, then, technological developments have enabled an ever increasing level of seamless integration of virtual and physical elements into one view. Like VR, AR allows the exposure to stimuli which, due to various reasons, may not be suitable for real-life scenarios. As such, AR has proven itself to be a medium through which individuals suffering from specific phobia can be exposed safely to the object(s) of their fear, without the costs associated with programing complete VEs. Thus, ARET can offer an efficacious alternative to some less advantageous exposure-based therapies. Above and beyond presenting what has been accomplished in ARET, this paper covers some less well-known aspects of the history of AR, raises some ARET related issues, and proposes potential avenues to be followed. These include the type of measures to be used to qualify the user's experience in an augmented reality environment, the exclusion of certain AR-type functionalities from the definition of AR, as well as the potential use of ARET to treat non-small animal phobias, such as social phobia. © 2014 Baus and Bouchard.},
note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S. A.},
keywords = {augmented reality exposure based therapy, behavior therapy, clinical effectiveness, Fear, history of medicine, human, intermethod comparison, phobia, review, safety, social phobia, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper reviews the move from virtual reality exposure-based therapy to augmented reality exposure-based therapy (ARET). Unlike virtual reality (VR), which entails a complete virtual environment (VE), augmented reality (AR) limits itself to producing certain virtual elements to then merge them into the view of the physical world. Although, the general public may only have become aware of AR in the last few years, AR type applications have been around since beginning of the twentieth century. Since, then, technological developments have enabled an ever increasing level of seamless integration of virtual and physical elements into one view. Like VR, AR allows the exposure to stimuli which, due to various reasons, may not be suitable for real-life scenarios. As such, AR has proven itself to be a medium through which individuals suffering from specific phobia can be exposed safely to the object(s) of their fear, without the costs associated with programing complete VEs. Thus, ARET can offer an efficacious alternative to some less advantageous exposure-based therapies. Above and beyond presenting what has been accomplished in ARET, this paper covers some less well-known aspects of the history of AR, raises some ARET related issues, and proposes potential avenues to be followed. These include the type of measures to be used to qualify the user's experience in an augmented reality environment, the exclusion of certain AR-type functionalities from the definition of AR, as well as the potential use of ARET to treat non-small animal phobias, such as social phobia. © 2014 Baus and Bouchard.