Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Tremblay, L.; Roy-Vaillancourt, M.; Chebbi, B.; Bouchard, S.; Daoust, M.; Dénommée, J.; Thorpe, M.
Body image and anti-fat attitudes: An experimental study using a haptic virtual reality environment to replicate human touch Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 100–106, 2016, ISSN: 21522715 (ISSN), (Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Attitude, body image, Body Size, computer interface, Environment, female, human, human relation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, male, obesity, Overweight, Personal Satisfaction, psychology, satisfaction, sex difference, Sex Factors, Touch, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult
@article{tremblay_body_2016,
title = {Body image and anti-fat attitudes: An experimental study using a haptic virtual reality environment to replicate human touch},
author = {L. Tremblay and M. Roy-Vaillancourt and B. Chebbi and S. Bouchard and M. Daoust and J. Dénommée and M. Thorpe},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959145453&doi=10.1089%2fcyber.2015.0226&partnerID=40&md5=00d8d94b5bf7f7374d1372bbfad2e325},
doi = {10.1089/cyber.2015.0226},
issn = {21522715 (ISSN)},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {100–106},
abstract = {It is well documented that anti-fat attitudes influence the interactions individuals have with overweight people. However, testing attitudes through self-report measures is challenging. In the present study, we explore the use of a haptic virtual reality environment to physically interact with overweight virtual human (VH). We verify the hypothesis that duration and strength of virtual touch vary according to the characteristics of VH in ways similar to those encountered from interaction with real people in anti-fat attitude studies. A group of 61 participants were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions involving giving a virtual hug to a female or a male VH of either normal or overweight. We found significant associations between body image satisfaction and anti-fat attitudes and sex differences on these measures. We also found a significant interaction effect of the sex of the participants, sex of the VH, and the body size of the VH. Female participants hugged longer the overweight female VH than overweight male VH. Male participants hugged longer the normal-weight VH than the overweight VH. We conclude that virtual touch is a promising method of measuring attitudes, emotion and social interactions. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2016.},
note = {Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Attitude, body image, Body Size, computer interface, Environment, female, human, human relation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, male, obesity, Overweight, Personal Satisfaction, psychology, satisfaction, sex difference, Sex Factors, Touch, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
It is well documented that anti-fat attitudes influence the interactions individuals have with overweight people. However, testing attitudes through self-report measures is challenging. In the present study, we explore the use of a haptic virtual reality environment to physically interact with overweight virtual human (VH). We verify the hypothesis that duration and strength of virtual touch vary according to the characteristics of VH in ways similar to those encountered from interaction with real people in anti-fat attitude studies. A group of 61 participants were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions involving giving a virtual hug to a female or a male VH of either normal or overweight. We found significant associations between body image satisfaction and anti-fat attitudes and sex differences on these measures. We also found a significant interaction effect of the sex of the participants, sex of the VH, and the body size of the VH. Female participants hugged longer the overweight female VH than overweight male VH. Male participants hugged longer the normal-weight VH than the overweight VH. We conclude that virtual touch is a promising method of measuring attitudes, emotion and social interactions. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2016.
2.
Renaud, P.; Trottier, D.; Nolet, K.; Rouleau, J. L.; Goyette, M.; Bouchard, S.
Sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption as factors of sexual response toward virtual characters Journal Article
In: Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 241–247, 2014, ISSN: 21522715.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, attention, cognition, eye movement, Eye movements, human, human relation, Humans, Informal, inhibition (psychology), Interpersonal Relations, male, Penile Erection, penis erection, Sexual Behavior, Social Control, Young Adult
@article{renaud_sexual_2014,
title = {Sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption as factors of sexual response toward virtual characters},
author = {P. Renaud and D. Trottier and K. Nolet and J. L. Rouleau and M. Goyette and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898718813&doi=10.1089%2fcyber.2013.0165&partnerID=40&md5=80139e00bf83eda1508ec5ff80164c33},
doi = {10.1089/cyber.2013.0165},
issn = {21522715},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {241–247},
abstract = {The eye movements and penile responses of 20 male participants were recorded while they were immersed with virtual sexual stimuli. These participants were divided into two groups according to their capacity to focus their attention in immersion (high and low focus). In order to understand sexual self-regulation better, we subjected participants to three experimental conditions: (a) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, without sexual inhibition; (b) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, with sexual inhibition; and (c) immersion with a neutral stimulus. A significant difference was observed between the effects of each condition on erectile response and scanpath. The groups differed on self-regulation of their erectile responses and on their scanpath patterns. High focus participants had more difficulties than low focus participants with inhibiting their sexual responses and displayed less scattered eye movement trajectories over the critical areas of the virtual sexual stimuli. Results are interpreted in terms of sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption in virtual immersion. In addition, the use of validated virtual sexual stimuli is presented as a methodological improvement over static and moving pictures, since it paves the way for the study of the role of social interaction in an ecologically valid and well-controlled way. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {adult, attention, cognition, eye movement, Eye movements, human, human relation, Humans, Informal, inhibition (psychology), Interpersonal Relations, male, Penile Erection, penis erection, Sexual Behavior, Social Control, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The eye movements and penile responses of 20 male participants were recorded while they were immersed with virtual sexual stimuli. These participants were divided into two groups according to their capacity to focus their attention in immersion (high and low focus). In order to understand sexual self-regulation better, we subjected participants to three experimental conditions: (a) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, without sexual inhibition; (b) immersion with a preferred sexual stimulus, with sexual inhibition; and (c) immersion with a neutral stimulus. A significant difference was observed between the effects of each condition on erectile response and scanpath. The groups differed on self-regulation of their erectile responses and on their scanpath patterns. High focus participants had more difficulties than low focus participants with inhibiting their sexual responses and displayed less scattered eye movement trajectories over the critical areas of the virtual sexual stimuli. Results are interpreted in terms of sexual self-regulation and cognitive absorption in virtual immersion. In addition, the use of validated virtual sexual stimuli is presented as a methodological improvement over static and moving pictures, since it paves the way for the study of the role of social interaction in an ecologically valid and well-controlled way. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
3.
Jack, R. E.; Blais, C.; Scheepers, C.; Schyns, P. G.; Caldara, R.
Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal Journal Article
In: Current Biology, vol. 19, no. 18, pp. 1543–1548, 2009, ISSN: 09609822 (ISSN).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, confusion, Cross-Cultural Comparison, cultural anthropology, Cultural Characteristics, cultural factor, Culture, emotion, Emotions, ethnology, eye movement, Eye movements, Facial Expression, Far East, female, human, human relation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, male, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, recognition, Recognition (Psychology), SYSNEURO, Western World
@article{jack_cultural_2009,
title = {Cultural Confusions Show that Facial Expressions Are Not Universal},
author = {R. E. Jack and C. Blais and C. Scheepers and P. G. Schyns and R. Caldara},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349289081&doi=10.1016%2fj.cub.2009.07.051&partnerID=40&md5=aedea29c81d3dcc7498c634bf1044e53},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.051},
issn = {09609822 (ISSN)},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Current Biology},
volume = {19},
number = {18},
pages = {1543–1548},
abstract = {Central to all human interaction is the mutual understanding of emotions, achieved primarily by a set of biologically rooted social signals evolved for this purpose-facial expressions of emotion. Although facial expressions are widely considered to be the universal language of emotion [1-3], some negative facial expressions consistently elicit lower recognition levels among Eastern compared to Western groups (see [4] for a meta-analysis and [5, 6] for review). Here, focusing on the decoding of facial expression signals, we merge behavioral and computational analyses with novel spatiotemporal analyses of eye movements, showing that Eastern observers use a culture-specific decoding strategy that is inadequate to reliably distinguish universal facial expressions of "fear" and "disgust." Rather than distributing their fixations evenly across the face as Westerners do, Eastern observers persistently fixate the eye region. Using a model information sampler, we demonstrate that by persistently fixating the eyes, Eastern observers sample ambiguous information, thus causing significant confusion. Our results question the universality of human facial expressions of emotion, highlighting their true complexity, with critical consequences for cross-cultural communication and globalization. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {adult, article, confusion, Cross-Cultural Comparison, cultural anthropology, Cultural Characteristics, cultural factor, Culture, emotion, Emotions, ethnology, eye movement, Eye movements, Facial Expression, Far East, female, human, human relation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, male, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, recognition, Recognition (Psychology), SYSNEURO, Western World},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Central to all human interaction is the mutual understanding of emotions, achieved primarily by a set of biologically rooted social signals evolved for this purpose-facial expressions of emotion. Although facial expressions are widely considered to be the universal language of emotion [1-3], some negative facial expressions consistently elicit lower recognition levels among Eastern compared to Western groups (see [4] for a meta-analysis and [5, 6] for review). Here, focusing on the decoding of facial expression signals, we merge behavioral and computational analyses with novel spatiotemporal analyses of eye movements, showing that Eastern observers use a culture-specific decoding strategy that is inadequate to reliably distinguish universal facial expressions of "fear" and "disgust." Rather than distributing their fixations evenly across the face as Westerners do, Eastern observers persistently fixate the eye region. Using a model information sampler, we demonstrate that by persistently fixating the eyes, Eastern observers sample ambiguous information, thus causing significant confusion. Our results question the universality of human facial expressions of emotion, highlighting their true complexity, with critical consequences for cross-cultural communication and globalization. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.