Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Blais, C.; Fiset, D.; Arguin, M.; Jolicoeur, P.; Bub, D.; Gosselin, F.
Reading between eye saccades Journal Article
In: PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 7, 2009, ISSN: 19326203.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, article, Computer Simulation, eye tracking, human, human experiment, Humans, letter, normal human, Reading, Saccades, saccadic eye movement, skill, spatial discrimination, task performance, visual stimulation, word recognition
@article{blais_reading_2009,
title = {Reading between eye saccades},
author = {C. Blais and D. Fiset and M. Arguin and P. Jolicoeur and D. Bub and F. Gosselin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68149091880&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0006448&partnerID=40&md5=661dc6218ea707a1934bf90a66d57051},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006448},
issn = {19326203},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
volume = {4},
number = {7},
abstract = {Background: Skilled adult readers, in contrast to beginners, show no or little increase in reading latencies as a function of the number of letters in words up to seven letters. The information extraction strategy underlying such efficiency in word identification is still largely unknown, and methods that allow tracking of the letter information extraction through time between eye saccades are needed to fully address this question. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study examined the use of letter information during reading, by means of the Bubbles technique. Ten participants each read 5,000 five-letter French words sampled in space-time within a 200 ms window. On the temporal dimension, our results show that two moments are especially important during the information extraction process. On the spatial dimension, we found a bias for the upper half of words. We also show for the first time that letter positions four, one, and three are particularly important for the identification of five-letter words. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings are consistent with either a partially parallel reading strategy or an optimal serial reading strategy. We show using computer simulations that this serial reading strategy predicts an absence of a word-length effect for words from four- to seven letters in length. We believe that the Bubbles technique will play an important role in further examining the nature of reading between eye saccades. © 2009 Blais et al.},
keywords = {adult, article, Computer Simulation, eye tracking, human, human experiment, Humans, letter, normal human, Reading, Saccades, saccadic eye movement, skill, spatial discrimination, task performance, visual stimulation, word recognition},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Background: Skilled adult readers, in contrast to beginners, show no or little increase in reading latencies as a function of the number of letters in words up to seven letters. The information extraction strategy underlying such efficiency in word identification is still largely unknown, and methods that allow tracking of the letter information extraction through time between eye saccades are needed to fully address this question. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study examined the use of letter information during reading, by means of the Bubbles technique. Ten participants each read 5,000 five-letter French words sampled in space-time within a 200 ms window. On the temporal dimension, our results show that two moments are especially important during the information extraction process. On the spatial dimension, we found a bias for the upper half of words. We also show for the first time that letter positions four, one, and three are particularly important for the identification of five-letter words. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings are consistent with either a partially parallel reading strategy or an optimal serial reading strategy. We show using computer simulations that this serial reading strategy predicts an absence of a word-length effect for words from four- to seven letters in length. We believe that the Bubbles technique will play an important role in further examining the nature of reading between eye saccades. © 2009 Blais et al.
2.
Fiset, D.; Gosselin, F.; Blais, C.; Arguin, M.
Inducing letter-by-letter dyslexia in normal readers Journal Article
In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 1466–1476, 2006, ISSN: 0898929X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acquired, adult, analysis of variance, article, Brain Damage, Chronic, clinical feature, confusion, Contrast Sensitivity, controlled study, Dyslexia, Functional Laterality, human, human experiment, Humans, Infarction, male, Mental Processes, parallel design, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Posterior Cerebral Artery, priority journal, reaction time, Reading, Reference Values, spatial frequency discrimination, Visual, visual discrimination, Visual Perception, visual system, word recognition
@article{fiset_inducing_2006,
title = {Inducing letter-by-letter dyslexia in normal readers},
author = {D. Fiset and F. Gosselin and C. Blais and M. Arguin},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33749435964&doi=10.1162%2fjocn.2006.18.9.1466&partnerID=40&md5=edc961f6e18a7de0811cbc0e7ce9be1d},
doi = {10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1466},
issn = {0898929X},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {1466–1476},
abstract = {Letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder characterized by very slow reading and a large linear word length effect. This suggests the use of a sequential LBL strategy, in sharp contrast with the parallel letter processing used by normal subjects. Recently, we have proposed that the reading difficulty of LBL dyslexics is due to a deficit in discriminating visually similar letters based on parallel letter processing [Arguin, M., Fiset, S., & Bub, D. Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, 535-555, 2002]. The visual mechanisms underlying this deficit and the LBL strategy, however, are still unknown. In this article, we propose that LBL dyslexic patients have lost the ability to use, for parallel letter processing, the optimal spatial frequency band for letter and word recognition. We claim that, instead, they rely on lower spatial frequencies for parallel processing, that these lower spatial frequencies produce confusions between visually similar letters, and that the LBL compensatory strategy allows them to extract higher spatial frequencies. The LBL strategy would thus increase the spatial resolution of the visual system, effectively resolving the issue pertaining to between-letter similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we succeeded in replicating the main features characterizing LBL dyslexia by having normal individuals read low-contrast, high-pass-filtered words. Experiment 3, conducted in LBL dyslexic L.H., shows that, indeed, the letter confusability effect is based on low spatial frequencies, whereas this effect was not supported by high spatial frequencies. © 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.},
keywords = {Acquired, adult, analysis of variance, article, Brain Damage, Chronic, clinical feature, confusion, Contrast Sensitivity, controlled study, Dyslexia, Functional Laterality, human, human experiment, Humans, Infarction, male, Mental Processes, parallel design, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, Posterior Cerebral Artery, priority journal, reaction time, Reading, Reference Values, spatial frequency discrimination, Visual, visual discrimination, Visual Perception, visual system, word recognition},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder characterized by very slow reading and a large linear word length effect. This suggests the use of a sequential LBL strategy, in sharp contrast with the parallel letter processing used by normal subjects. Recently, we have proposed that the reading difficulty of LBL dyslexics is due to a deficit in discriminating visually similar letters based on parallel letter processing [Arguin, M., Fiset, S., & Bub, D. Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, 535-555, 2002]. The visual mechanisms underlying this deficit and the LBL strategy, however, are still unknown. In this article, we propose that LBL dyslexic patients have lost the ability to use, for parallel letter processing, the optimal spatial frequency band for letter and word recognition. We claim that, instead, they rely on lower spatial frequencies for parallel processing, that these lower spatial frequencies produce confusions between visually similar letters, and that the LBL compensatory strategy allows them to extract higher spatial frequencies. The LBL strategy would thus increase the spatial resolution of the visual system, effectively resolving the issue pertaining to between-letter similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we succeeded in replicating the main features characterizing LBL dyslexia by having normal individuals read low-contrast, high-pass-filtered words. Experiment 3, conducted in LBL dyslexic L.H., shows that, indeed, the letter confusability effect is based on low spatial frequencies, whereas this effect was not supported by high spatial frequencies. © 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.