@article{bourbeau_role_2025,

title = {The Role of Body Image Perception on a Continuum from Dysfunctional to Healthy Eating Attitudes and Behaviors Among People Seeking Treatment},

author = {F. Bourbeau and S. Bouchard and G. Corno and J. Monthuy-Blanc},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216120423&doi=10.3390%2fjcm14020597&partnerID=40&md5=3f66a6c18a99204bfb48e9e6ad8bfe7f},

doi = {10.3390/jcm14020597},

issn = {20770383 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},

volume = {14},

number = {2},

abstract = {Background: Body image disturbance has been associated with various health conditions and has the potential to trigger the development of unhealthy behaviors, including dysfunctional attitudes and eating behaviors, which may evolve into eating disorders. This study explores the relationship between body image variables—such as global self-worth, physical self-worth, and physical attractiveness—and the continuum of eating attitudes and behaviors. Methods: A canonical correlation analysis was performed to assess the multivariate relationship between attitudinal and perceptual variables and the continuum of eating behaviors, with a total of 113 cases analyzed. Results: The findings indicate that intuitive eating and a positive body image (including global self-worth and physical attractiveness) are most strongly associated with the functional end of the continuum, while disordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction are linked to the dysfunctional end. Conclusions: These results suggest that interventions targeting the emotional and attitudinal dimensions of body dissatisfaction, whether delivered in vivo or via virtual reality (e.g., weight exposure), may facilitate a shift toward healthier, more functional eating behaviors along the continuum. © 2025 by the authors.},

note = {Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, article, Attitude, behavior, body dissatisfaction, body dysmorphic disorder, body image, body image perception, body mass, correlation analysis, eating and attitudes and behaviors, eating disorder, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, eating disorder inventory, eating habit, feeding behavior, female, healthy diet, healthy lifestyle, help seeking behavior, human, intuitive eating, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, perception, physical attractiveness, psychological rating scale, retrospective study, Self Concept, self esteem, very elderly, virtual reality, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{corno_development_2024,

title = {Development of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image: A cross-cultural validation in Canadian and Spanish women},

author = {G. Corno and A. Paquette and D. Burychka and M. Miragall and M. -C. Rivard and R. M. Baños and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189089793&doi=10.1002%2ferv.3086&partnerID=40&md5=99c221e60e3d5caad167cec6fd25dddd},

doi = {10.1002/erv.3086},

issn = {10724133 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {European Eating Disorders Review},

abstract = {The objectives of this study were (a) to explore the preliminary cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual method to assess body image; (b) to examine potential differences and similarities in body image phenomena between women from two Western countries (i.e., Canada and Spain). 201 self-identified women participated in this cross-sectional study. Ideal, normal, and self-perceived body sizes were assessed using a visual-perceptual method, whereas body dissatisfaction was measured using both a visual-perceptual method and a questionnaire. Visual-perceptual body dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, suggesting a preliminary convergent validity between the two assessment methods. Women in both countries were dissatisfied with their bodies. Compared to their self-perceived body, all women chose a significantly thinner visual representation of their “normal” and ideal body. These results may suggest a shift towards the “thin” body as not only ideal, but also normative. This study provides the first evidence for the cross-cultural validity of a visual-perceptual body image assessment tool. The results of the current study confirm the presence of “normative discontent”, and suggest more cross-country similarities than differences among women from these two Western societies. © 2024 Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, analytic method, article, assessment, body dissatisfaction, body image, body image dissatisfaction, Body Size, Canada, Canadian, controlled study, convergent validity, correlation analysis, cross validation, cross-country, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, cultural anthropology, cultural factor, exploratory research, female, human, Humans, ideal body size, intermethod comparison, Middle Aged, normal body size, psychology, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Self Concept, Spain, Spaniard, Surveys and Questionnaires, thin ideal, underweight, vision, Visual Perception, visual-perceptual method, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{baillot_factors_2023,

title = {Factors Associated with Excess Skin After Bariatric Surgery: a Mixed-Method Study},

author = {A. Baillot and J. Brunet and L. Lemelin and S. A. Gabriel and M. -F. Langlois and A. Tchernof and L. Biertho and R. Rabasa-Lhoret and P. Y. Garneau and A. Aimé and S. Bouchard and A. J. Romain and P. Bernard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163716815&doi=10.1007%2fs11695-023-06698-w&partnerID=40&md5=c86ee43b5f7daf6c350936d38944d013},

doi = {10.1007/s11695-023-06698-w},

issn = {09608923 (ISSN)},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Obesity Surgery},

volume = {33},

number = {8},

pages = {2324–2334},

abstract = {Purpose: After metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), many patients have excess skin (ES), which can cause inconveniences. Identifying factors related to ES quantity and inconveniences is crucial to inform interventions. The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic, physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors associated with ES quantity and inconveniences. Materials and Methods: A mixed-method study with a sequential explanatory design was conducted with 124 adults (92% women, M age 46.5 ± 9.9 years, M time post-MBS 34.2 ± 27.6 months). During phase I, ES quantity (arms, abdomen, thighs) and inconveniences and sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical, and behavioral outcomes were assessed. In phase II, 7 focus groups were performed with 37 participants from phase I. A triangulation protocol was completed to identify convergences, complementarities, and dissonances from quantitative and qualitative data. Results: Quantitative data indicate only ES quantity on arms was associated with ES inconveniences on arms (r =.36, p <.01). Total ES quantity was associated with maximal body mass index (BMI) reached pre-MBS (r =.48, p <.05) and current BMI (r =.35, p <.05). Greater ES inconvenience was associated with higher social physique anxiety and age (R 2 =.50, p <.01). Qualitative data were summarized into 4 themes: psychosocial experiences living with ES, physical ailments due to ES, essential support and unmet needs, and beliefs of ES quantity causes. Conclusion: Measured ES quantity is related to higher BMI, but not reported inconveniences. Greater self-reported ES quantity and inconveniences were associated with body image concerns. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.},

note = {Publisher: Springer},

keywords = {adult, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, anthropometry, Anxiety, article, asthma, Bariatric Surgery, body dissatisfaction, body image, body mass, Body Mass Index, controlled study, dermatomycosis, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, employment status, excess skin, female, heart disease, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, household income, human, Humans, hypertension, major clinical study, male, Mental health, Middle Aged, Mixed methods, Morbid, morbid obesity, non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, physical activity, procedures, psychology, qualitative analysis, quality of life, quantitative analysis, sedentary time, skin irritation, skin malformation, sleep apnea syndromes, social psychology, Social Support, stria, sun exposure},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{monthuy-blanc_eloricorps_2022,

title = {eLoriCorps Immersive Body Rating Scale and eLoriCorps Mobile Versions: Validation to Assess Body Image Disturbances from Allocentric and Egocentric Perspectives in a Nonclinical Sample of Adolescents},

author = {J. Monthuy-Blanc and G. Corno and M. Ouellet and F. Touré and F. Bourbeau and M. Rousseau and A. Charette and N. Moreau and N. Roy and V. Drapeau and M. -E. Mathieu and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125088853&doi=10.3390%2fjcm11051156&partnerID=40&md5=040874aa585036b225785e7bdea44cbf},

doi = {10.3390/jcm11051156},

issn = {20770383 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},

volume = {11},

number = {5},

abstract = {A growing number of studies have used virtual reality (VR) for the assessment and treatment of body image disturbances (BIDs). This study, conducted in a community sample of adolescents, documents the convergent and discriminant validity between (a) the traditional paper-based Figure Rating Scale (paper-based FRS), (b) the VR-based Body Rating Scale (eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1), and (c) the mobile app-based Body Rating Scale (eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1-Mobile). A total of 93 adolescents (14 to 18 years old) participated in the study. Body dissatisfaction and body distortion were assessed through the paper-based FRS, the eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1 and the eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1-Mobile. Eating disorder symptoms, body image avoidance, and social physique anxiety were also measured. Correlation analyses were performed. Overall, the results showed a good and statistically significant convergence between allocentric perspectives as measured by the paper-based FRS, the eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1 and the eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1-Mobile. As expected, the egocentric perspective measured in VR produced different results from the allocentric perspective, and from cognitive–attitudinal–affective dimensions of BIDs, with the exception of body distortion. These differences support the discriminant validity of the egocentric perspective of eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1 and are consistent with emerging evidence, highlighting a difference between experiencing the body from an egocentric (i.e., the body as a subject) and allocentric (i.e., the body as an object) perspective. The egocentric perspective could reflect a perceptual–sensory–affective construction of BIDs, whereas allocentric measures seem to be more related to a cognitive–affective–attitudinal construction of BIDs. Moreover, the results support the validity of the eLoriCorps-IBRS 1.1-Mobile with promising perspectives of implementation among young populations. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.},

note = {Publisher: MDPI},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Anxiety, article, body build, body dissatisfaction, Body distortion, body image, body image avoidance questionnaire, Body Size, community sample, controlled study, Convergent and discriminant validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, eating disorder, Eating Disorder Inventory 2, Egocentric perceptual-sensory-affective dimension of body image, female, human, major clinical study, male, mobile application, obesity, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, social behavior, social physique anxiety scale, underweight, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{tremblay_predictive_2022,

title = {The predictive role of body image and anti-fat attitudes on attentional bias toward body area in haptic virtual reality environment},

author = {L. Tremblay and B. Chebbi and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113139887&doi=10.1007%2fs10055-021-00569-4&partnerID=40&md5=3b77f665011b82e40c9ce8d5f438146a},

doi = {10.1007/s10055-021-00569-4},

issn = {13594338},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Virtual Reality},

volume = {26},

number = {1},

pages = {333–342},

abstract = {Evidence suggests that dissatisfaction with body image in women can be enhanced by exposure to media’s idealized images. The theory of social comparison and the avoidance hypothesis offer contradictory explanations of this relationship. We compare these two theories using a haptic virtual reality environment. We ask 42 female participants to interact with one of four types of virtual humans (VH) randomly assigned to them. The interaction task involves giving a virtual hug to a normal weight or overweight male or female VH. We verify the hypothesis that participants’ satisfaction with particular body parts and their anti-fat attitudes will determine the choice of the body area of the VH they will virtually touch. Our results show that: (1) touching VH lower torso is predicted by less anti-fat attitude, and avoidance of the upper torso and upper limb areas, and (2) touching VH shoulder and upper limbs areas is predicted by concerns with own stomach area and avoidance of VH lower torso and stomach waist areas. Our results tend to support the avoidance hypothesis as well as other research findings on anti-fat attitudes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.},

note = {Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH},

keywords = {body image, Body parts, Image Enhancement, Upper limbs, Virtual humans, virtual reality, Virtual-reality environment},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{maiano_psychometric_2021,

title = {Psychometric Properties of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and of the Body Checking Cognitions Scale (BCCS): A Bifactor-Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Approach},

author = {C. Maïano and A. J. S. Morin and A. Aimé and G. Lepage and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070217501&doi=10.1177%2f1073191119858411&partnerID=40&md5=2a1f68168c4042203964144f7eef8dae},

doi = {10.1177/1073191119858411},

issn = {10731911},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Assessment},

volume = {28},

number = {2},

pages = {632–646},

abstract = {This research sought to assess the psychometric properties of the French versions of the Body Checking Questionnaire and the Body Checking Cognitions Scale among community samples. A total sample of 922 adolescents and adults was involved in a series of two studies. The results from the first study supported factor validity and reliability of responses obtained on these two measures, and showed that both measures were best represented by a bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling representation of the data. The results from the second study replicated these conclusions, while also supporting the measurement invariance of the bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling solution and the equivalence of the correlations among the two measures (i.e., convergent validity) across samples. This second study also supported the criterion-related validity of ratings on both measures with measures of global self-esteem, physical appearance, social physique anxiety, fear of negative appearance evaluation, and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors. Finally, the results of this last study also supported the measurement invariance and lack of differential item functioning of both measures in relation to sex, age, diagnosis of eating disorders, and body mass index. © The Author(s) 2019.},

note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, body image, cognition, human, Humans, Latent Class Analysis, Psychometrics, psychometry, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pauze_relationship_2021,

title = {The relationship between orthorexia nervosa symptomatology and body image attitudes and distortion},

author = {A. Pauzé and M. -P. Plouffe-Demers and D. Fiset and D. Saint-Amour and C. Cyr and C. Blais},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111785584&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-92569-2&partnerID=40&md5=3360e3096eab30cba8259423f69d1d87},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-92569-2},

issn = {20452322},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Scientific reports},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {13311},

abstract = {Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), a condition characterized by a fixation on healthy eating, still does not conform to any consensus concerning diagnostic criteria, notably in regard to a possible body image component. This study investigated the relationship between ON symptomatology, measured with the Eating Habit Questionnaire, and body image attitudes and body image distortion in a non-clinical sample. Explicit body image attitudes and distortion were measured using the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Implicit body image attitudes and distortion were assessed using the reverse correlation technique. Correlational analyses showed that ON is associated with both explicit and implicit attitudes and distortion toward body image. More precisely, multivariate analyses combining various body image components showed that ON is mostly associated with explicit overweight preoccupation, explicit investment in physical health and leading a healthy lifestyle, and implicit muscularity distortion. These findings suggest that ON symptomatology is positively associated with body image attitudes and distortion in a non-clinical sample. However, further studies should be conducted to better understand how ON symptomatology relates to body image, especially among clinical samples.},

note = {Publisher: NLM (Medline)},

keywords = {adult, Attitude, body image, Diet, eating disorder, Feeding and Eating Disorders, feeding behavior, female, Healthy, human, Humans, male, pathophysiology, physiology, procedures, questionnaire, Surveys and Questionnaires},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{baillot_what_2017,

title = {What Is Known About the Correlates and Impact of Excess Skin After Bariatric Surgery: a Scoping Review},

author = {A. Baillot and E. Brais-Dussault and A. Bastin and C. Cyr and J. Brunet and A. Aimé and A. J. Romain and M. -F. Langlois and S. Bouchard and A. Tchernof and R. Rabasa-Lhoret and P. -Y. Garneau and P. Bernard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021844825&doi=10.1007%2fs11695-017-2814-3&partnerID=40&md5=abf65e67a5551255bb543a6ff1678b32},

doi = {10.1007/s11695-017-2814-3},

issn = {09608923},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Obesity Surgery},

volume = {27},

number = {9},

pages = {2488–2498},

abstract = {Although bariatric surgery (BS) improves health among adults with severe obesity, it results in excess skin in more than 70% of adults. The purpose of this study was to synthesize current knowledge on (1) the impact of excess skin experienced by adults after BS and (2) the correlates of excess skin quantity and inconveniences. PubMed, PsyArticles, and CINAHL databases were searched in May 2016 for relevant studies. Titles, abstracts, and full texts of studies retrieved were screened independently by two reviewers against inclusion criteria: (1) peer-reviewed primary research studies, (2) samples with adults who underwent BS, and (3) studies reporting the impact of excess skin and/or excess skin correlates. Thirteen quantitative and eleven qualitative studies met inclusion criteria. Negative physical, psychosocial, and daily life impacts of excess skin were reported in 67, 75, and 83% of studies, respectively. Women reported more excess skin and greater inconveniences of excess skin than did men. Based on the quantitative studies, pre-BS BMI, time since BS, and type of BS were not significantly associated with inconveniences of excess skin; findings were inconclusive for other correlates found (e.g. age, weight loss, BMI). Excess skin may adversely impact adults’ physical and psychosocial functioning, as well as their activities of daily life after BS. However, evidence is lacking to determine which adults may be at heightened risk of developing or being negatively impacted by excess skin. More research on correlates of excess skill is needed to inform the development of tailored interventions in those more vulnerable to developing excess skin after BS to mitigate adverse consequences. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.},

note = {Publisher: Springer New York LLC},

keywords = {Bariatric Surgery, body image, body mass, Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, excess skin, human, Humans, Morbid, morbid obesity, obesity, pathology, pathophysiology, postoperative complication, priority journal, psychology, review, Skin, skin disease, skin disease assessment, skin surgery, social psychology, weight reduction},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{tremblay_body_2016,

title = {Body image and anti-fat attitudes: An experimental study using a haptic virtual reality environment to replicate human touch},

author = {L. Tremblay and M. Roy-Vaillancourt and B. Chebbi and S. Bouchard and M. Daoust and J. Dénommée and M. Thorpe},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959145453&doi=10.1089%2fcyber.2015.0226&partnerID=40&md5=00d8d94b5bf7f7374d1372bbfad2e325},

doi = {10.1089/cyber.2015.0226},

issn = {21522715 (ISSN)},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking},

volume = {19},

number = {2},

pages = {100–106},

abstract = {It is well documented that anti-fat attitudes influence the interactions individuals have with overweight people. However, testing attitudes through self-report measures is challenging. In the present study, we explore the use of a haptic virtual reality environment to physically interact with overweight virtual human (VH). We verify the hypothesis that duration and strength of virtual touch vary according to the characteristics of VH in ways similar to those encountered from interaction with real people in anti-fat attitude studies. A group of 61 participants were randomly assigned to one of the experimental conditions involving giving a virtual hug to a female or a male VH of either normal or overweight. We found significant associations between body image satisfaction and anti-fat attitudes and sex differences on these measures. We also found a significant interaction effect of the sex of the participants, sex of the VH, and the body size of the VH. Female participants hugged longer the overweight female VH than overweight male VH. Male participants hugged longer the normal-weight VH than the overweight VH. We conclude that virtual touch is a promising method of measuring attitudes, emotion and social interactions. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2016.},

note = {Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Attitude, body image, Body Size, computer interface, Environment, female, human, human relation, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, male, obesity, Overweight, Personal Satisfaction, psychology, satisfaction, sex difference, Sex Factors, Touch, User-Computer Interface, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{tremblay_development_2013,

title = {The development of a haptic virtual reality environment to study body image and affect},

author = {L. Tremblay and S. Bouchard and B. Chebbi and L. Wei and J. Monthuy-Blanc and D. Boulanger},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894231106&partnerID=40&md5=79731f3a31e9e70fcf3bf8f5db1f7d7c},

issn = {15548716},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {11},

pages = {80–84},

abstract = {We report the results of a preliminary study testing the effect of participants’ mood rating on visual motor performance using a haptic device to manipulate a cartoonish human body. Our results suggest that moods involving high arousal (e.g. happiness) produce larger movements whereas mood involving low arousal (e.g. sadness) produce slower speed of performance. Our results are used for the development of a new haptic virtual reality application that we briefly present here. This application is intended to create a more interactive and motivational environment to treat body image issues and for emotional communication. © 2013 Interactive Media Institute.},

note = {Publisher: Virtual reality med institute},

keywords = {Affect, Arousal, art, article, Biofeedback, body image, computer interface, Emotional communications, female, happiness, Haptic devices, Haptics, human, Human bodies, human experiment, Humans, male, methodology, Mood, motor performance, physiology, psychological aspect, psychology, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysiology, sadness, Touch, User-Computer Interface, velocity, virtual reality, Virtual-reality environment, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}