@article{chretien_emotional_2025,

title = {Emotional Regulation in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Treatment: A Systematic Review},

author = {S. Chrétien and I. Giroux and I. Smith and C. Jacques and F. Ferland and S. Sévigny and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85217537329&doi=10.1007%2fs10899-024-10366-8&partnerID=40&md5=6c9efe4725be6f9dd3bcd2bf347d45ec},

doi = {10.1007/s10899-024-10366-8},

issn = {10505350 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Gambling Studies},

volume = {41},

number = {2},

pages = {353–448},

abstract = {Emotions play an undeniable role in addictive disorders. Given the high relapse and drop-out rates still prevalent in current treatments, it is crucial to explore curative alternatives that take greater account of emotions. The primary objective of this systematic review is to gather literature related to emotion regulation in psychological addictive disorders treatments. The aim is to describe its use for individuals with behavioral (such as gambling disorder, problematic Internet gaming, and Internet addiction) or substance-related disorders. Following a screening of nearly 12,000 articles from six databases and the grey literature, 38 studies that met the selection criteria were included. The results show that 63.2% of the studies had a psychological treatment predominantly based on emotional regulation, with 81.6% (n = 31) of third-wave cognitive-behavioral interventions. The most frequently utilized intervention techniques for emotional regulation were those that facilitated an individual's awareness of their emotional state or provided psychological education to assist in identifying emotions. It would be valuable for future research to explore the most effective content for emotional regulation in treating substance-related and addictive disorders and to determine the specific client population that would benefit the most from this treatment. © The Author(s) 2025.},

note = {Publisher: Springer},

keywords = {addiction, Addictive, Addictive disorders, behavior, cognitive behavioral therapy, drug dependence, emotion regulation, Emotional Regulation, Gambling, human, Humans, internet addiction, Internet Addiction Disorder, Intervention, Non-substance-related disorders, procedures, psychology, Substance use disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, systematic review, Therapy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{orskov_virtual_2025,

title = {Virtual reality-based exposure with 360° video as part of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder: a three-arm randomized controlled trial},

author = {P. T. Ørskov and E. Runge and T. T. H. Sainte-Marie and M. T. Ernst and L. Clemmensen and C. H. Dalsgaard and M. B. Lichtenstein and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105009844371&doi=10.3389%2ffrvir.2025.1588181&partnerID=40&md5=05dc996dceefc02747d099f6dcaed3ad},

doi = {10.3389/frvir.2025.1588181},

issn = {26734192 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},

volume = {6},

abstract = {Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has a high prevalence and an early onset. It often persists well into adulthood, turning into a chronic disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating SAD, but real-life exposure conducted as part of CBT is often costly and time-consuming, and imaginary exposure might lack realism and intensity. Virtual reality (VR)-based exposure using 360° video offers a promising way to deliver exposure therapy. Objective: To develop a complete psychotherapeutic treatment program including CBT with VR-based exposure using 360° videos (CBT-ExpVR) for adult patients with SAD and to test the treatment effect using the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) as the primary outcome. Methods: This three-arm randomized controlled trial involved 51 participants who were recruited through self-referral. The interventions took place at Center for Digital Psychiatry in Denmark. Participants were randomized via computer program to CBT-ExpVR, CBT with in vivo exposure (CBT-Exp), or an active control group offered VR relaxation (RlxVR). Afterwards, participants assigned to RlxVR were re-randomized to one of the two CBT interventions. Allocation was not blinded. Results: Intention-to-treat analysis showed that participants receiving CBT-ExpVR reported significantly fewer symptoms of social anxiety at post-treatment compared to pre-treatment, β = −14.89, 95% CI (−18.64, −11.14), p < 0.0001. At post-treatment, no difference in treatment effect was found between CBT-ExpVR and CBT-Exp, β = 3.643, 95% CI (−1.727, 9.013)},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media SA},

keywords = {360° video, cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure, randomized controlled trial, social anxiety disorder, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{linnaranta_views_2024,

title = {Views on a Culturally Safe Psychotherapeutic Treatment by Inuit in Quebec: Co-Design of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Manual and Virtual Exposure Environments},

author = {O. Linnaranta and L. G. Cardona and Q. Seon and A. Tukkiapik and J. Outerbridge and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199212719&doi=10.1016%2fj.cbpra.2024.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=196f0e70c5d372d4384226d9452bc8f8},

doi = {10.1016/j.cbpra.2024.04.006},

issn = {10777229 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Practice},

abstract = {Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (CBT) can be combined with virtual reality (VR) to provide culturally safe and remotely delivered emotion regulation interventions. We conducted a co-design process of a CBT treatment manual and complementary VR environments for the Inuit populations from Nunavik. Here, we describe the knowledge gained during the adaptation process on the approach to mental well-being and psychotherapy. We followed qualitative, participatory, and research co-design methods. After an initial concept of VR-CBT, an advisory group made up of 7 adults identifying as or working with Inuit participated in 4 focus group meetings. A thematic analysis of the discussions was carried out. A non-symptom-focused approach with the therapist guiding the individual in empowerment and emotion management was accepted in the advisory group, replacing a symptom-focus. Several CBT in- and between-session techniques were seen critically or rejected, and time for working on a certain theme was increased. Some elements in the proposed landscape were rejected as unsafe, other elements added as culture-specific to increase safety. Future work should confirm broader acceptance and utility. Culturally specific factors play an essential role in acceptance of concepts and approaches used in psychotherapy. Accordingly, they can have an impact on acceptance and attendance in therapy. © 2024},

note = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {cognitive behavioral therapy, cultural adaptation, cultural safety, emotion regulation, Inuit, participatory co-design, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{belleville_efficacy_2023,

title = {Efficacy of a Therapist-Assisted Self-Help Internet-Based Intervention Targeting PTSD, Depression, and Insomnia Symptoms After a Disaster: A Randomized Controlled Trial},

author = {G. Belleville and M. -C. Ouellet and V. Békés and J. Lebel and C. M. Morin and S. Bouchard and S. Guay and N. Bergeron and S. Ghosh and T. Campbell and F. P. Macmaster},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140981202&doi=10.1016%2fj.beth.2022.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=261383919bbdaa149ac0eeb6d3317fc0},

doi = {10.1016/j.beth.2022.08.004},

issn = {00057894 (ISSN)},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Behavior Therapy},

volume = {54},

number = {2},

pages = {230–246},

abstract = {This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of an online CBT intervention with limited therapist contact targeting a range of posttraumatic symptoms among evacuees from the 2016 Fort McMurray wildfires. One hundred and thirty-six residents of Fort McMurray who reported either moderate PTSD symptoms (PCL-5 ≥ 23) or mild PTSD symptoms (PCL-5 ≥ 10) with moderate depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) or subthreshold insomnia symptoms (ISI ≥ 8) were randomized either to a treatment (n = 69) or a waitlist condition (n = 67). Participants were on average 45 years old, and mostly identified as White (82%) and as women (76%). Primary outcomes were PTSD, depression, and insomnia symptoms. Secondary outcomes were anxiety symptoms and disability. Significant Assessment Time × Treatment Condition interactions were observed on all outcomes, indicating that access to the treatment led to a decrease in posttraumatic stress (F[1,117.04] = 12.128},

note = {Publisher: Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {adult, Anxiety, article, clinical effectiveness, clinical feature, cognitive behavioral therapy, controlled study, Depression, disaster, Disasters, disease severity, e-mental health, female, human, Humans, insomnia, Internet-Based Intervention, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, natural disaster, physical disability, Post-Traumatic, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychotherapist, PTSD, randomized controlled trial, risk factor, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Stress Disorders, telepsychotherapy, treatment outcome, wildfire},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{scholten_baseline_2023,

title = {Baseline Severity as a Moderator of the Waiting List-Controlled Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Symptom Change in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis},

author = {W. Scholten and A. Seldenrijk and A. Hoogendoorn and R. Bosman and A. Muntingh and E. Karyotaki and G. Andersson and T. Berger and P. Carlbring and T. Furmark and S. Bouchard and P. Goldin and I. Kampmann and N. Morina and N. Kocovski and E. Leibing and F. Leichsenring and T. Stolz and A. Van Balkom and N. Batelaan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166386036&doi=10.1001%2fjamapsychiatry.2023.1291&partnerID=40&md5=c279c8b0ff2d3b4558c6f8803cdda0af},

doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1291},

issn = {2168622X (ISSN)},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},

volume = {80},

number = {8},

pages = {822–831},

abstract = {Importance: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be adequately treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). However, there is a large gap in knowledge on factors associated with prognosis, and it is unclear whether symptom severity predicts response to CBT for SAD. Objective: To examine baseline SAD symptom severity as a moderator of the association between CBT and symptom change in patients with SAD. Data Sources: For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA), PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 1990, to January 13, 2023. Primary search topics were social anxiety disorder, cognitive behavior therapy, and randomized controlled trial. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials comparing CBT with being on a waiting list and using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) in adults with a primary clinical diagnosis of SAD. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Authors of included studies were approached to provide individual-level data. Data were extracted by pairs of authors following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. An IPDMA was conducted using a 2-stage approach for the association of CBT with change in LSAS scores from baseline to posttreatment and for the interaction effect of baseline LSAS score by condition using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the baseline to posttreatment change in symptom severity measured by the LSAS. Results: A total of 12 studies including 1246 patients with SAD (mean [SD] age, 35.3 [10.9] years; 738 [59.2%] female) were included in the meta-analysis. A waiting list-controlled association between CBT and pretreatment to posttreatment LSAS change was found (b = -20.3; 95% CI, -24.9 to -15.6; P <.001; Cohen d = -0.95; 95% CI, -1.16 to -0.73). Baseline LSAS scores moderated the differences between CBT and waiting list with respect to pretreatment to posttreatment symptom reductions (b = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.06; P =.009), indicating that individuals with severe symptoms had larger waiting list-controlled symptom reductions after CBT (Cohen d = -1.13 [95% CI, -1.39 to -0.88] for patients with very severe SAD; Cohen d = -0.54 [95% CI, -0.80 to -0.29] for patients with mild SAD). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and IPDMA, higher baseline SAD symptom severity was associated with greater (absolute but not relative) symptom reductions after CBT in patients with SAD. The findings contribute to personalized care by suggesting that clinicians can confidently offer CBT to individuals with severe SAD symptoms.. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.},

note = {Publisher: American Medical Association},

keywords = {adult, antidepressant agent, Anxiety disorder, article, avoidant personality disorder, clinical outcome, cognitive behavioral therapy, comorbidity, cycloserine, Depression, disease severity, female, hospital admission, human, Humans, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, male, meta analysis, paroxetine, phobia, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, procedures, psychotropic agent, randomized controlled trial (topic), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, semi structured interview, Social, social anxiety, social phobia, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, symptom, systematic review, treatment response, Waiting Lists},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{seon_virtual_2023,

title = {A Virtual Reality-Assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for and With Inuit in Québec: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial},

author = {Q. Seon and N. Mady and M. Yang and M. Karia and M. Lashley and C. Sescu and M. Lalonde and S. Puskas and J. Outerbridge and E. Parent-Racine and C. Pagiatakis and L. Gomez-Cardona and D. Jiang and S. Bouchard and O. Linnaranta},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85162096695&doi=10.2196%2f40236&partnerID=40&md5=81cbdc49f182df3c2a0062b0de21e496},

doi = {10.2196/40236},

issn = {19290748 (ISSN)},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {JMIR Research Protocols},

volume = {12},

abstract = {Background: Emotion regulation is an ability related to psychological well-being; when dysregulated, individuals may have psychiatric symptoms and maladapted physiological responses. Virtual reality-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (VR-CBT) is an effective psychotherapy to target and strengthen emotion regulation; however, it currently lacks cultural sensitivity and can be improved by adapting it to the cultural context of service users. During previous participatory research, we co-designed a culturally adapted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) manual and 2 virtual reality (VR) environments to function as a complement to therapy (VR-CBT) for Inuit who would like to access psychotherapy. Emotion regulation skill building will occur in virtual environments that have interactive components such as heart rate biofeedback. Objective: We describe a protocol for a proof-of-concept 2-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) with Inuit (n=40) in Québec. The primary aims of this research are to investigate the feasibility, benefits, and challenges of the culturally adapted VR-CBT intervention versus an established VR self-management that is available commercially. We will also investigate self-rated mental well-being and objective psychophysiological measures. Finally, we will use proof-of-concept data to identify suitable primary outcome measures, conduct power calculations in a larger trial for efficacy, and collect information about preferences for on-site or at-home treatment. Methods: Trial participants will be randomly assigned to an active condition or active control condition in a 1:1 ratio. Inuit aged 14 to 60 years will receive a culturally adapted and therapist-guided VR-CBT with biofeedback or a VR relaxation program with nonpersonalized guided components over a 10-week period. We will collect pre- and posttreatment measures of emotion regulation and biweekly assessments over the treatment and at 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be measured by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16) and a novel psychophysiological reactivity paradigm. Secondary measures include psychological symptoms and well-being via rating scales (eg, anxiety or depressive symptoms). Results: As this is the prospective registration of an RCT protocol, we do not yet report any results from the trial. Funding was confirmed in January 2020, and recruitment is expected to start in March 2023 and is set to finish in August 2025. The expected results are to be published in spring 2026. Conclusions: The proposed study responds to the community's desire for accessible and appropriate resources for psychological well-being, as it was developed in active collaboration with the Inuit community in Québec. We will test feasibility and acceptance by comparing a culturally adapted, on-site psychotherapy with a commercial self-management program while incorporating novel technology and measurement in the area of Indigenous health. We also aim to fulfill the needs for RCT evidence of culturally adapted psychotherapies that are lacking in Canada. © Quinta Seon, Noor Mady, Michelle Yang, Maharshee Karia, Myrna Lashley, Claudia Sescu, Maud Lalonde, Stephen Puskas, Joy Outerbridge, Echo Parent-Racine, Catherine Pagiatakis, Liliana Gomez-Cardona, Di Jiang, Stéphane Bouchard, Outi Linnaranta. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 24.05.2023. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.},

note = {Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.},

keywords = {Biofeedback, co-design, cognitive behavioral therapy, cultural adaptation, emotion regulation, Indigenous, Inuit health, randomized controlled trial, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchard_moderating_2023,

title = {The moderating and mediating role of telepresence and cognitive change in cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference},

author = {S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Robillard and M. Allard and I. Green-Demers and S. Watts and A. Marchand and P. Gosselin and F. Langlois and G. Belleville and M. J. Dugas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139800809&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.2816&partnerID=40&md5=5eac58684326b5475037e1474aa932f7},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.2816},

issn = {10633995},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {575–586},

abstract = {In this study, we combined the results of two controlled trials and examined the relationships between working alliance, telepresence, cognitive change and treatment outcome. Sixty-five participants with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) received cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference. Participants completed measures of working alliance and telepresence after three psychotherapy sessions. They also completed measures of treatment outcome and dysfunctional beliefs (cognitive change) specific to PDA and GAD at pretreatment and posttreatment. Results revealed that telepresence at the fifth session moderated the relationship between the working alliance at the first and fifth sessions. As telepresence increased, its impact on the working alliance diminished. Cognitive change mediated the relationship between the working alliance at the fifth session and treatment outcome. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

keywords = {agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, human, Humans, procedures, treatment outcome, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{clemmensen_study_2023,

title = {Study protocol for virtual leisure investigating the effect of virtual reality-delivered stress reduction, entertainment and distraction on the use of coercion and need-based medication and patient satisfaction at a closed psychiatric intensive care unit - A mixed-methods pilot clinical trial},

author = {L. Clemmensen and G. Jørgensen and K. B. Gundersen and L. C. Smith and J. Midtgaard and S. Bouchard and C. P. Thomsen and L. Turgut and L. B. Glenthoj},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85172425765&doi=10.1136%2fbmjopen-2022-070566&partnerID=40&md5=87f1ee7c5b1f4d9245722d461eb9e6d2},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070566},

issn = {20446055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {13},

number = {9},

abstract = {Introduction The environment at a psychiatric inpatient ward can lead to emotional distress and behavioural deviations in vulnerable individuals potentially resulting in conflicts, increased use of need-based medication and coercive actions, along with low satisfaction with treatment. To accommodate these challenges, recreational and entertaining interventions are recommended. The tested interventions have, however, shown varying effects and demand a high degree of planning and staff involvement while being difficult to adapt to individual needs. Virtual reality (VR) may help overcome these challenges. Methods and analysis The study is a mixed-methods clinical trial with a target sample of 124 patients hospitalised at a closed psychiatric ward in the capital region of Denmark. Outcomes (eg, coercion, need-based medication and perceived stress) for a 12-month period where all patients are offered VR-based recreational experiences during their hospitalisation will be compared with outcomes for a 12-month period where VR is not offered. Feasibility and acceptability will be explored with qualitative interviews supplemented with non-participant observations and focus groups. The study began on 1 January 2023, and we expect to complete data collection by 31 December 2024. Ethics and dissemination The study is registered at Danish Data Protection Agency (j.no P-2022-466) and is approved by the Committee on Health Research Ethics of the capital region of Denmark (j.no 22013313). All patients will be required to provide informed consent. Results from this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and congress/consortium presentations. Trial registration number NCT05654740. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.},

note = {Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group},

keywords = {Anxiety disorder, article, Behavior Observation Techniques, behavioral observation, borderline state, clinical effectiveness, clinical outcome, clinical protocol, Coercion, cognitive behavioral therapy, comparative study, Denmark, Depression, feasibility study, health care need, hospital patient, human, Humans, intensive care unit, Intensive Care Units, interpersonal communication, leisure, Leisure Activities, major clinical study, neuroleptic agent, non participant observation, Patient Satisfaction, peer review, pilot study, psychiatric intensive care unit, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, semi structured interview, virtual reality, virtual reality delivered stress reduction},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{aardema_evaluation_2022,

title = {Evaluation of Inference-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial with Three Treatment Modalities},

author = {F. Aardema and S. Bouchard and D. Koszycki and M. E. Lavoie and J. -S. Audet and K. O'Connor},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85131012874&doi=10.1159%2f000524425&partnerID=40&md5=ff9a6095068e094c394e952eca4ca318},

doi = {10.1159/000524425},

issn = {00333190 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics},

volume = {91},

number = {5},

pages = {348–359},

abstract = {Introduction: Inference-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (I-CBT) is a specialized psychological treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) without deliberate and prolonged exposure and response prevention (ERP) that focuses on strengthening reality-based reasoning and correcting the dysfunctional reasoning giving rise to erroneous obsessional doubts and ideas. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of I-CBT through a comparison with appraisal-based cognitive behavioral therapy (A-CBT) and an adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) intervention. Methods: This was a two-site, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing I-CBT with A-CBT. The MBSR intervention acted as a non-specific active control condition. Following formal evaluation, 111 participants diagnosed with OCD were randomly assigned. The principal outcome measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Results: All treatments significantly reduced general OCD severity and specific symptom dimensions without a significant difference between treatments. I-CBT was associated with significant reductions in all symptom dimensions at post-test. Also, I-CBT led to significantly greater improvement in overvalued ideation, as well as significantly higher rates of remission as compared to MBSR at mid-test. Conclusions: I-CBT and MBSR appear to be effective, alternative treatment options for those with OCD that yield similar outcomes as A-CBT. I-CBT may have an edge in terms of the rapidity by which patients reach remission, its generalizability across symptom dimension, its potentially higher level of acceptability, and effectiveness for overvalued ideation. Future research is needed to assess whether additional alternative treatments options can help to increase the number of people successfully treated. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.},

note = {Publisher: S. Karger AG},

keywords = {adult, aged, appraisal based cognitive behavioral therapy, article, clinical effectiveness, clinical evaluation, clinical outcome, clinical trial, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, controlled study, disease severity, female, human, Humans, inference based cognitive behavioral therapy, Inference-based approach, intermethod comparison, major clinical study, male, mindfulness, mindfulness-based stress reduction, multicenter study, obsessive compulsive disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, patient dropout, procedures, randomized controlled trial, remission, treatment outcome, treatment refusal, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{orskov_cognitive_2022,

title = {Cognitive behavioral therapy with adaptive virtual reality exposure vs. cognitive behavioral therapy with in vivo exposure in the treatment of social anxiety disorder: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial},

author = {P. T. Ørskov and M. B. Lichtenstein and M. T. Ernst and I. Fasterholdt and A. F. Matthiesen and M. Scirea and S. Bouchard and T. E. Andersen},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140322564&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyt.2022.991755&partnerID=40&md5=1dacd4e05081f4790ccd5e0d7224e0ca},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2022.991755},

issn = {16640640 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},

volume = {13},

abstract = {Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has a high prevalence and an early onset with recovery taking decades to occur. Current evidence supports the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with virtual reality (VR) exposure. However, the evidence is based on a sparse number of studies with predominantly small sample sizes. There is a need for more trials investigating the optimal way of applying VR based exposure for SAD. In this trial, we will test the efficacy of CBT with adaptive VR exposure allowing adjustment of the exposure based on real-time monitoring of the participants's anxiety level. Methods: The trial is a randomized controlled, assessor-blinded, parallel-group superiority trail. The study has two arms: (1) CBT including exposure in vivo (CBT-Exp), (2) CBT including exposure therapy using individually tailored VR-content and a system to track anxiety levels (CBT-ExpVR). Treatment is individual, manual-based and consists of 10 weekly sessions with a duration of 60 min. The study includes 90 participants diagnosed with SAD. Assessments are carried out pre-treatment, mid-treatment and at follow-up (6 and 12 months). The primary outcome is the mean score on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) with the primary endpoint being post-treatment. Discussion: The study adds to the existing knowledge by assessing the efficacy of CBT with adaptive VR exposure. The study has high methodological rigor using a randomized controlled trial with a large sample size that includes follow-up data and validated measures for social anxiety outcomes. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05302518. Copyright © 2022 Ørskov, Lichtenstein, Ernst, Fasterholdt, Matthiesen, Scirea, Bouchard and Andersen.},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.},

keywords = {adult, aged, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, anxiety assessment, Anxiety disorder, article, behavior disorder assessment, cognitive behavioral therapy, comparative effectiveness, controlled study, Depression, Drug Use Disorders Identification Test, electrodermal activity, exposure, Fear of Negative Evaluation, follow up, health economics, Heart Rate, human, Leibowitz Anxiety Scale, Machine learning, major clinical study, psychological distress assessment, psychophysiological measurements, randomized controlled trial, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, social anxiety, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, social phobia, Subjective Units of Distress Scale, therapy effect, treatment duration, treatment outcome, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy, Working Alliance Inventory},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}