@article{scholten_baseline_2023,

title = {Baseline Severity as a Moderator of the Waiting List-Controlled Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Symptom Change in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis},

author = {W. Scholten and A. Seldenrijk and A. Hoogendoorn and R. Bosman and A. Muntingh and E. Karyotaki and G. Andersson and T. Berger and P. Carlbring and T. Furmark and S. Bouchard and P. Goldin and I. Kampmann and N. Morina and N. Kocovski and E. Leibing and F. Leichsenring and T. Stolz and A. Van Balkom and N. Batelaan},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85166386036&doi=10.1001%2fjamapsychiatry.2023.1291&partnerID=40&md5=c279c8b0ff2d3b4558c6f8803cdda0af},

doi = {10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1291},

issn = {2168622X (ISSN)},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Psychiatry},

volume = {80},

number = {8},

pages = {822–831},

abstract = {Importance: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be adequately treated with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). However, there is a large gap in knowledge on factors associated with prognosis, and it is unclear whether symptom severity predicts response to CBT for SAD. Objective: To examine baseline SAD symptom severity as a moderator of the association between CBT and symptom change in patients with SAD. Data Sources: For this systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis (IPDMA), PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 1, 1990, to January 13, 2023. Primary search topics were social anxiety disorder, cognitive behavior therapy, and randomized controlled trial. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials comparing CBT with being on a waiting list and using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) in adults with a primary clinical diagnosis of SAD. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Authors of included studies were approached to provide individual-level data. Data were extracted by pairs of authors following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline, and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. An IPDMA was conducted using a 2-stage approach for the association of CBT with change in LSAS scores from baseline to posttreatment and for the interaction effect of baseline LSAS score by condition using random-effects models. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the baseline to posttreatment change in symptom severity measured by the LSAS. Results: A total of 12 studies including 1246 patients with SAD (mean [SD] age, 35.3 [10.9] years; 738 [59.2%] female) were included in the meta-analysis. A waiting list-controlled association between CBT and pretreatment to posttreatment LSAS change was found (b = -20.3; 95% CI, -24.9 to -15.6; P <.001; Cohen d = -0.95; 95% CI, -1.16 to -0.73). Baseline LSAS scores moderated the differences between CBT and waiting list with respect to pretreatment to posttreatment symptom reductions (b = -0.22; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.06; P =.009), indicating that individuals with severe symptoms had larger waiting list-controlled symptom reductions after CBT (Cohen d = -1.13 [95% CI, -1.39 to -0.88] for patients with very severe SAD; Cohen d = -0.54 [95% CI, -0.80 to -0.29] for patients with mild SAD). Conclusions and Relevance: In this systematic review and IPDMA, higher baseline SAD symptom severity was associated with greater (absolute but not relative) symptom reductions after CBT in patients with SAD. The findings contribute to personalized care by suggesting that clinicians can confidently offer CBT to individuals with severe SAD symptoms.. © 2023 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.},

note = {Publisher: American Medical Association},

keywords = {adult, antidepressant agent, Anxiety disorder, article, avoidant personality disorder, clinical outcome, cognitive behavioral therapy, comorbidity, cycloserine, Depression, disease severity, female, hospital admission, human, Humans, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, male, meta analysis, paroxetine, phobia, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, procedures, psychotropic agent, randomized controlled trial (topic), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, semi structured interview, Social, social anxiety, social phobia, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, symptom, systematic review, treatment response, Waiting Lists},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{le_may_immersive_2021,

title = {Immersive virtual reality vs. non-immersive distraction for pain management of children during bone pins and sutures removal: A randomized clinical trial protocol [沉浸式虚拟现实与非沉浸式分心治疗儿童骨钉和缝合线疼痛的比较:随机临床试验方案]},

author = {S. Le May and A. Tsimicalis and M. Noel and P. Rainville and C. Khadra and A. Ballard and E. Guingo and C. Cotes-Turpin and S. Addab and K. Chougui and M. Francoeur and N. Hung and M. Bernstein and S. Bouchard and S. Parent and M. Hupin Debeurme},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093928841&doi=10.1111%2fjan.14607&partnerID=40&md5=57256b68253aa1c6288a603f795aceb4},

doi = {10.1111/jan.14607},

issn = {03092402},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Advanced Nursing},

volume = {77},

number = {1},

pages = {439–447},

abstract = {Aims: To examine the efficacy of an immersive virtual reality distraction compared with an active non-immersive distraction, such as video games on a tablet, for pain and anxiety management and memory of pain and anxiety in children requiring percutaneous bone pins and/or suture removal procedures. Design: Three-centre randomized clinical trial using a parallel design with two groups: experimental and control. Methods: Study to take place in the orthopaedic department of three children hospital of the Montreal region starting in 2019. Children, from 7–17 years old, requiring bone pins and/or suture removal procedures will be recruited. The intervention group (N = 94) will receive a virtual reality game (Dreamland), whereas the control group (N = 94) will receive a tablet with video games. The primary outcomes will be both the mean self-reported pain score measured by the Numerical Rating Scale and mean anxiety score, measured by the Child Fear Scale. Recalls of pain and anxiety will be measured 1 week after the procedure using the same scales. We aim to recruit 188 children to achieve a power of 80% with a significance level (alpha) of 5%. Discussion: While multiple pharmacological methods have previously been tested for children, no studies have evaluated the impact of immersive virtual reality distraction for pain and anxiety management in the orthopaedic setting. Impact: Improved pain management can be achieved using virtual reality during medical procedures for children. This method is innovative, non-pharmacological, adapted to the hospital setting, and user-friendly. Trial Registration: NCT03680625, registered on clinicaltrials.gov. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd},

note = {Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd},

keywords = {Adolescent, analgesia, bone nail, Bone Nails, Child, human, Humans, Pain, Pain Management, randomized controlled trial (topic), Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, suture, Sutures, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nolet_adoption_2020,

title = {The Adoption of New Treatment Modalities by Health Professionals and the Relative Weight of Empirical Evidence in Favor of Virtual Reality Exposure Versus Mindfulness in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders},

author = {K. Nolet and G. Corno and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083108852&doi=10.3389%2ffnhum.2020.00086&partnerID=40&md5=e72f1ece3a23c5283e1c9cc954c090bb},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.00086},

issn = {16625161},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {14},

abstract = {Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental disorders, and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with exposure exercises is considered as the gold-standard psychological intervention. New psychotherapeutic modalities have emerged in the last decade and, among them, mindfulness has been rapidly adopted by therapists. The adoption rate is slower for the use of virtual reality (VR) to conduct exposure. The goal of the present position paper is to contrast, for the treatment of anxiety disorders, the weight of empirical evidences supporting the use of exposure in VR with the use of mindfulness-based therapy (MBT). Based on the most recent meta-analyses, we found that CBT with exposure conducted in VR was more thoroughly researched and supported than MBT, receiving validation from roughly twice as many studies with high control (i.e., randomized, active controls with clinical samples). However, this conclusion is nuanced by reviewing gaps in the literature for both therapies. Potential factors influencing clinicians’ choice of treatment and suggestions for future research directions are proposed. © Copyright © 2020 Nolet, Corno and Bouchard.},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.},

keywords = {Anxiety disorder, clinical decision making, cognitive behavioral therapy, comparative effectiveness, controlled study, evidence based medicine, human, intermethod comparison, mental health care personnel, mindfulness, randomized controlled trial (topic), review, therapy effect, validation study, virtual reality exposure therapy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{fernandez-alvarez_deterioration_2019,

title = {Deterioration rates in Virtual Reality Therapy: An individual patient data level meta-analysis},

author = {J. Fernández-Álvarez and A. Rozental and P. Carlbring and D. Colombo and G. Riva and P. L. Anderson and R. M. Baños and A. A. Benbow and S. Bouchard and J. M. Bretón-López and G. Cárdenas and J. Difede and P. Emmelkamp and A. García-Palacios and V. Guillén and H. Hoffman and I. Kampann and R. Moldovan and A. Mühlberger and M. North and P. Pauli and W. Peñate Castro and S. Quero and M. Tortella-Feliu and K. Wyka and C. Botella},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050381788&doi=10.1016%2fj.janxdis.2018.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=012fdcaa9b8676314cbf22c52c91135b},

doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.06.005},

issn = {08876185 (ISSN)},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Anxiety Disorders},

volume = {61},

pages = {3–17},

abstract = {Ample evidence supports the use of Virtual Reality (VR) for anxiety disorders. Nonetheless, currently there is no evidence about moderators or potential negative effects of VR treatment strategies. An Individual Patient Data (IPD) approach was employed with 15 retrieved datasets. The current study sample was composed of 810 patients. Randomized control trials (RCTs) for each primary outcome measure were performed, in addition to moderator analyses of the socio-demographic variables. Deterioration rates were 14 patients (4.0%) in VR, 8 (2.8%) in active control conditions, and 27 (15%) in the WL condition. With regard to receiving treatment, patients in a waiting list control condition had greater odds of deteriorating than in the two active conditions, odds ratios (ORs) 4.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.05, 0.67]. In the case of the socio-demographic variables, none of them were associated with higher or lower odds of deterioration, with the exception of marital status in the WL condition; married people presented a significantly lower probability of deterioration, OR 0.19, 95% CI [0.05, 0.67]. Finally, when comparing pooled effects of VR versus all control conditions, the OR was 0.61 (95% CI 0.31–1.23) in favor of VR, although this result was not statistically significant. This study provides evidence about the deterioration rates of a therapeutic VR approach, showing that the number of deteriorated patients coincides with other therapeutic approaches, and that deterioration is less likely to occur, compared to patients in WL control groups. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd},

note = {Publisher: Elsevier Ltd},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, article, demography, deterioration, Deterioration rates, disease association, female, human, Humans, Individual patient data analysis, male, marriage, meta analysis, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, outcome assessment, Probability, psychology, randomized controlled trial (topic), social status, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{grenier_using_2015,

title = {Using virtual reality to improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of late-life anxiety: Preliminary recommendations for future research},

author = {S. Grenier and H. Forget and S. Bouchard and S. Isere and S. Belleville and O. Potvin and M. -È. Rioux and M. Talbot and N. A. Pachana and R. C. Oude Voshaar},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931830085&doi=10.1017%2fS1041610214002300&partnerID=40&md5=6a937a7a7f13fca31c84fc7859b365d0},

doi = {10.1017/S1041610214002300},

issn = {10416102},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {International Psychogeriatrics},

volume = {27},

number = {7},

pages = {1217–1225},

abstract = {Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) using traditional exposure techniques (i.e. imaginal and in vivo) seems less effective to treat anxiety in older adults than in younger ones. This is particularly true when imaginal exposure is used to confront the older patient to inaccessible (e.g. fear of flying) or less tangible/controllable anxiety triggers (e.g. fear of illness). Indeed, imaginal exposure may become less effective as the person gets older since normal aging is characterized by the decline in cognitive functions involved in the creation of vivid/detailed mental images. One way to circumvent this difficulty is to expose the older patient to a virtual environment that does not require the ability to imagine the frightening situation. In virtuo exposure has proven to be efficient to treat anxiety in working-age people. In virtuo exposure could be employed to improve the efficacy of CBT with exposure sessions in the treatment of late-life anxiety? The current paper explores this question and suggests new research avenues. Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2014.},

note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},

keywords = {adult, aged, aging, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, clinical effectiveness, cognition, cognitive defect, cognitive therapy, Depression, disease association, exposure, Fear, generalized anxiety disorder, gerontopsychiatry, human, Humans, late life anxiety disorder, panic, patient counseling, posttraumatic stress disorder, procedures, psychology, randomized controlled trial (topic), relaxation training, Research, review, Social Support, treatment outcome, trends, virtual reality, virtual reality exposure therapy},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}