@article{bouchard_assessing_2025,

title = {Assessing telepresence when delivering psychotherapy in videoconference: relevance and test-retest reliability of the Telepresence Videoconference Scale},

author = {S. Bouchard and C. Torres Pessanha and K. H. Tober},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105023903509&partnerID=40&md5=46afce3aea732a9501fc3a1096d67673},

issn = {15548716 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {23},

pages = {70–75},

abstract = {The increasing use of psychotherapy delivered via videoconference requires sound methods to assess clients' subjective experiences. Telepresence, defined as the feeling of being together in an online session despite the actual physical distance, is receiving increased attention as an important concept. The Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) assesses client telepresence during psychotherapy sessions and has been initially validated. However, its stability across sessions and its independence from the concept of treatment satisfaction need further evaluation. This paper presents an overview of studies using the TVS and examines the psychometric properties of the TVS in 65 adults (mean age = 39.9},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, cognitive behavioral therapy, discriminant validity, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, major clinical study, male, panic, Patient Satisfaction, psychological rating scale, psychotherapy, questionnaire, social interaction, Telemedicine, telepresence, Telepresence in Videoconference Scale, Telepresence Videoconference Scale, telepsychotherapy, test retest reliability, Test-retest reliability, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchardAssessingTelepresenceWhen2025,

title = {Assessing telepresence when delivering psychotherapy in videoconference: relevance and test-retest reliability of the Telepresence Videoconference Scale},

author = {S. Bouchard and C. Torres Pessanha and K. H. Tober},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023903509?origin=resultslist},

issn = {15548716 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {23},

pages = {70–75},

publisher = {Interactive Media Institute},

abstract = {The increasing use of psychotherapy delivered via videoconference requires sound methods to assess clients' subjective experiences. Telepresence, defined as the feeling of being together in an online session despite the actual physical distance, is receiving increased attention as an important concept. The Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) assesses client telepresence during psychotherapy sessions and has been initially validated. However, its stability across sessions and its independence from the concept of treatment satisfaction need further evaluation. This paper presents an overview of studies using the TVS and examines the psychometric properties of the TVS in 65 adults (mean age = 39.9},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, cognitive behavioral therapy, discriminant validity, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, major clinical study, male, panic, Patient Satisfaction, psychological rating scale, psychotherapy, questionnaire, social interaction, Telemedicine, telepresence, Telepresence in Videoconference Scale, Telepresence Videoconference Scale, telepsychotherapy, test retest reliability, Test-retest reliability, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchardAssessingTelepresenceWhen2025a,

title = {Assessing telepresence when delivering psychotherapy in videoconference: relevance and test-retest reliability of the Telepresence Videoconference Scale},

author = {S. Bouchard and C. Torres Pessanha and K. H. Tober},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105023903509&partnerID=40&md5=46afce3aea732a9501fc3a1096d67673},

issn = {15548716 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {23},

pages = {70–75},

abstract = {The increasing use of psychotherapy delivered via videoconference requires sound methods to assess clients' subjective experiences. Telepresence, defined as the feeling of being together in an online session despite the actual physical distance, is receiving increased attention as an important concept. The Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) assesses client telepresence during psychotherapy sessions and has been initially validated. However, its stability across sessions and its independence from the concept of treatment satisfaction need further evaluation. This paper presents an overview of studies using the TVS and examines the psychometric properties of the TVS in 65 adults (mean age = 39.9},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, cognitive behavioral therapy, discriminant validity, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, major clinical study, male, panic, Patient Satisfaction, psychological rating scale, psychotherapy, questionnaire, social interaction, Telemedicine, telepresence, Telepresence in Videoconference Scale, Telepresence Videoconference Scale, telepsychotherapy, test retest reliability, Test-retest reliability, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchardAssessingTelepresenceWhen2025b,

title = {Assessing telepresence when delivering psychotherapy in videoconference: relevance and test-retest reliability of the Telepresence Videoconference Scale},

author = {S. Bouchard and C. Torres Pessanha and K. H. Tober},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105023903509&partnerID=40&md5=46afce3aea732a9501fc3a1096d67673},

issn = {15548716 (ISSN)},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {23},

pages = {70–75},

abstract = {The increasing use of psychotherapy delivered via videoconference requires sound methods to assess clients' subjective experiences. Telepresence, defined as the feeling of being together in an online session despite the actual physical distance, is receiving increased attention as an important concept. The Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) assesses client telepresence during psychotherapy sessions and has been initially validated. However, its stability across sessions and its independence from the concept of treatment satisfaction need further evaluation. This paper presents an overview of studies using the TVS and examines the psychometric properties of the TVS in 65 adults (mean age = 39.9},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, cognitive behavioral therapy, discriminant validity, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, major clinical study, male, panic, Patient Satisfaction, psychological rating scale, psychotherapy, questionnaire, social interaction, Telemedicine, telepresence, Telepresence in Videoconference Scale, Telepresence Videoconference Scale, telepsychotherapy, test retest reliability, Test-retest reliability, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cipolletta_validation_2024,

title = {Validation of the Italian Version of the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) in a Sample of Psychologists and Psychotherapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {S. Cipolletta and S. Tomaino and S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Manzoni},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195533802&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.3015&partnerID=40&md5=255de2597dc6747136150f331ae970ab},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.3015},

issn = {10633995 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Objective: Telepresence may play a fundamental role in establishing authentic interactions and relationships in online psychological interventions and can be measured by the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS), which was validated only with patients to date. This post hoc study aimed to validate the Italian version of the TVS with mental health professionals. Method: The Italian TVS was included in an online survey, whose primary aim was to assess the experiences of Italian psychologists and psychotherapists with online interventions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was filled in by 296 participants (83.4% females, mean age = 42 years old). Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the original factor structure only partially because the scale ‘Absorption’ (i.e., the feeling of losing track of time), as it was formulated, did not measure telepresence. Correlations were also explored between the TVS scales and some survey items pertaining to intimacy and emotional closeness to patients, comfort and positive as well as negative experiences with online interventions. Conclusion: The TVS may be a useful tool to measure physical and social telepresence in online interventions, both in patients and in professionals. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

keywords = {adult, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, female, human, Humans, Italy, male, Middle Aged, online psychological interventions, pandemic, Pandemics, procedures, psychology, Psychometrics, psychometry, psychotherapist, Psychotherapists, psychotherapy, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telemedicine, telepresence, Validation, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cipolletta_validation_2024-1,

title = {Validation of the Italian Version of the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) in a Sample of Psychologists and Psychotherapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {S. Cipolletta and S. Tomaino and S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Manzoni},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195533802&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.3015&partnerID=40&md5=255de2597dc6747136150f331ae970ab},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.3015},

issn = {10633995 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Objective: Telepresence may play a fundamental role in establishing authentic interactions and relationships in online psychological interventions and can be measured by the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS), which was validated only with patients to date. This post hoc study aimed to validate the Italian version of the TVS with mental health professionals. Method: The Italian TVS was included in an online survey, whose primary aim was to assess the experiences of Italian psychologists and psychotherapists with online interventions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was filled in by 296 participants (83.4% females, mean age = 42 years old). Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the original factor structure only partially because the scale ‘Absorption’ (i.e., the feeling of losing track of time), as it was formulated, did not measure telepresence. Correlations were also explored between the TVS scales and some survey items pertaining to intimacy and emotional closeness to patients, comfort and positive as well as negative experiences with online interventions. Conclusion: The TVS may be a useful tool to measure physical and social telepresence in online interventions, both in patients and in professionals. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {adult, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, female, human, Humans, Italy, male, Middle Aged, online psychological interventions, pandemic, Pandemics, procedures, psychology, Psychometrics, psychometry, psychotherapist, Psychotherapists, psychotherapy, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telemedicine, telepresence, Validation, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cipollettaValidationItalianVersion2024a,

title = {Validation of the Italian Version of the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) in a Sample of Psychologists and Psychotherapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {S. Cipolletta and S. Tomaino and S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Manzoni},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195533802&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.3015&partnerID=40&md5=255de2597dc6747136150f331ae970ab},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.3015},

issn = {10633995 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Objective: Telepresence may play a fundamental role in establishing authentic interactions and relationships in online psychological interventions and can be measured by the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS), which was validated only with patients to date. This post hoc study aimed to validate the Italian version of the TVS with mental health professionals. Method: The Italian TVS was included in an online survey, whose primary aim was to assess the experiences of Italian psychologists and psychotherapists with online interventions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was filled in by 296 participants (83.4% females, mean age = 42 years old). Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the original factor structure only partially because the scale ‘Absorption’ (i.e., the feeling of losing track of time), as it was formulated, did not measure telepresence. Correlations were also explored between the TVS scales and some survey items pertaining to intimacy and emotional closeness to patients, comfort and positive as well as negative experiences with online interventions. Conclusion: The TVS may be a useful tool to measure physical and social telepresence in online interventions, both in patients and in professionals. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {adult, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, female, human, Humans, Italy, male, Middle Aged, online psychological interventions, pandemic, Pandemics, procedures, psychology, Psychometrics, psychometry, psychotherapist, Psychotherapists, psychotherapy, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telemedicine, telepresence, Validation, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cipollettaValidationItalianVersion2024,

title = {Validation of the Italian Version of the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS) in a Sample of Psychologists and Psychotherapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {S. Cipolletta and S. Tomaino and S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Manzoni},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195533802&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.3015&partnerID=40&md5=255de2597dc6747136150f331ae970ab},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.3015},

issn = {10633995 (ISSN)},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {31},

number = {3},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {Objective: Telepresence may play a fundamental role in establishing authentic interactions and relationships in online psychological interventions and can be measured by the Telepresence in Videoconference Scale (TVS), which was validated only with patients to date. This post hoc study aimed to validate the Italian version of the TVS with mental health professionals. Method: The Italian TVS was included in an online survey, whose primary aim was to assess the experiences of Italian psychologists and psychotherapists with online interventions during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and was filled in by 296 participants (83.4% females, mean age = 42 years old). Results: Exploratory factor analysis supported the original factor structure only partially because the scale ‘Absorption’ (i.e., the feeling of losing track of time), as it was formulated, did not measure telepresence. Correlations were also explored between the TVS scales and some survey items pertaining to intimacy and emotional closeness to patients, comfort and positive as well as negative experiences with online interventions. Conclusion: The TVS may be a useful tool to measure physical and social telepresence in online interventions, both in patients and in professionals. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

keywords = {adult, coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, female, human, Humans, Italy, male, Middle Aged, online psychological interventions, pandemic, Pandemics, procedures, psychology, Psychometrics, psychometry, psychotherapist, Psychotherapists, psychotherapy, questionnaire, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Telemedicine, telepresence, Validation, videoconference, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchard_moderating_2023,

title = {The moderating and mediating role of telepresence and cognitive change in cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference},

author = {S. Bouchard and M. Berthiaume and G. Robillard and M. Allard and I. Green-Demers and S. Watts and A. Marchand and P. Gosselin and F. Langlois and G. Belleville and M. J. Dugas},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139800809&doi=10.1002%2fcpp.2816&partnerID=40&md5=5eac58684326b5475037e1474aa932f7},

doi = {10.1002/cpp.2816},

issn = {10633995},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy},

volume = {30},

number = {3},

pages = {575–586},

publisher = {John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

abstract = {In this study, we combined the results of two controlled trials and examined the relationships between working alliance, telepresence, cognitive change and treatment outcome. Sixty-five participants with a primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) received cognitive behaviour therapy delivered via videoconference. Participants completed measures of working alliance and telepresence after three psychotherapy sessions. They also completed measures of treatment outcome and dysfunctional beliefs (cognitive change) specific to PDA and GAD at pretreatment and posttreatment. Results revealed that telepresence at the fifth session moderated the relationship between the working alliance at the first and fifth sessions. As telepresence increased, its impact on the working alliance diminished. Cognitive change mediated the relationship between the working alliance at the fifth session and treatment outcome. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.},

note = {Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd},

keywords = {agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, human, Humans, procedures, treatment outcome, videoconferencing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchard_multisite_2022,

title = {A Multisite Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder Delivered by Videoconference},

author = {S. Bouchard and M. J. Dugas and G. Belleville and F. Langlois and P. Gosselin and G. Robillard and G. Corno and A. Marchand},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139777758&doi=10.3390%2fjcm11195924&partnerID=40&md5=52cbc697b3a9705b2f7fb87b7bfdc3eb},

doi = {10.3390/jcm11195924},

issn = {20770383 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},

volume = {11},

number = {19},

publisher = {MDPI},

abstract = {Delivering psychotherapy by videoconference has been studied in a number of clinical trials, but no large controlled trial has involved generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted to test if cognitive-behavior psychotherapy delivered by videoconference (VCP) is as effective as cognitive-behavior psychotherapy delivered face-to-face, using a strict margin of tolerance for non-inferiority. A total of 148 adults received a 15-session weekly manualized program. The treatment was based on the intolerance of uncertainty model of GAD. The impact of treatment was assessed using primary (GAD severity), secondary (worry, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty) and tertiary (general functioning) variables measured before and after treatment and at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Results showed that: (a) the treatment was effective; (b) VCP for GAD was statistically non-inferior to face-to-face psychotherapy on primary, secondary and tertiary measures at all assessment points; (c) change in intolerance of uncertainty significantly predicted change in the primary outcome measure over and above important clinical factors common to all psychotherapies (motivation, working alliance, perceived therapist competence, and client satisfaction). These findings support the use of VCP as a promising treatment option for adults with GAD. Clinical trial registry: ISRCTN#12662027. © 2022 by the authors.},

note = {Publisher: MDPI},

keywords = {adult, Anxiety, article, Beck Depression Inventory, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive-behavior therapy, competence, controlled study, female, follow up, generalized anxiety disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, human, Likert scale, major clinical study, male, motivation, multicenter study, non-inferiority, patient worry, penn state worry questionnaire, predictors of outcome, psychotherapist, quality of life, randomized controlled trial, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, treatment outcome, videoconferencing, videoconferencing psychotherapy, World Health Organization},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}