Slide
Centre Interdisciplinaire
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
de Recherche et d’Innovation
en Cybersécurité et Société
1.
Bouchard, S.; Forget, H.
Conducting exposure in virtual reality for the treatment of social phobia does lead to change in dysfunctional beliefs Article de journal
Dans: Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine, vol. 23, p. 258–264, 2025, ISSN: 15548716 (ISSN).
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: adult, article, clinical article, cognitive behavioral therapy, controlled study, exposure, female, follow up, hospital admission, human, in vivo study, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, male, multiple regression, predictors of outcome, randomized controlled trial, social anxiety disorder, social phobia, Social Phobia Scale, threat, treatment duration, Treatment mechanisms, treatment outcome, virtual reality
@article{bouchard_conducting_2025,
title = {Conducting exposure in virtual reality for the treatment of social phobia does lead to change in dysfunctional beliefs},
author = {S. Bouchard and H. Forget},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105023856314&partnerID=40&md5=db4c4e86d7c32b544fe28c7fb6f9172b},
issn = {15548716 (ISSN)},
year = {2025},
date = {2025-01-01},
journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},
volume = {23},
pages = {258–264},
abstract = {This study used data from a randomized control trial on cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia testing the effectiveness of exposure conducted in virtual reality. Measures of cognitive mechanisms had been collected but never analyzed. The study was motivated by a recent publication mentioning that potential aversive outcomes of being judged in virtual reality and by virtual characters have no objective negative consequence in daily life. A sample of 51 adults completed outcome and cognitive mechanism measures at a pretreatment, after 14 weeks of treatment or being on a waiting list, and at a 6-month follow-up. Results demonstrate that conducting exposure in virtual reality led to reductions in dysfunctional beliefs about the perceived consequences of feared social threats, about the likelihood of these feared threats occurring, as well as an increase in perceived self-efficacy to face social situations. These changes were statistically significant when compared to the waiting list condition, remained stable at the 6-month follow-up, and were no less important than when exposure was conducted in vivo. All predictors significantly correlated (p < .001) with the two measures of treatment outcome. Further analyses of cognitive mechanism measures predicting treatment outcomes revealed that, when controlling for shared variance, changes in perceived likelihood and in self-efficacy contributed significantly to patients’ improvement, whereas the role of perceived consequences was only a predictor of self-efficacy. © 2025, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {adult, article, clinical article, cognitive behavioral therapy, controlled study, exposure, female, follow up, hospital admission, human, in vivo study, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, male, multiple regression, predictors of outcome, randomized controlled trial, social anxiety disorder, social phobia, Social Phobia Scale, threat, treatment duration, Treatment mechanisms, treatment outcome, virtual reality},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study used data from a randomized control trial on cognitive behavior therapy for social phobia testing the effectiveness of exposure conducted in virtual reality. Measures of cognitive mechanisms had been collected but never analyzed. The study was motivated by a recent publication mentioning that potential aversive outcomes of being judged in virtual reality and by virtual characters have no objective negative consequence in daily life. A sample of 51 adults completed outcome and cognitive mechanism measures at a pretreatment, after 14 weeks of treatment or being on a waiting list, and at a 6-month follow-up. Results demonstrate that conducting exposure in virtual reality led to reductions in dysfunctional beliefs about the perceived consequences of feared social threats, about the likelihood of these feared threats occurring, as well as an increase in perceived self-efficacy to face social situations. These changes were statistically significant when compared to the waiting list condition, remained stable at the 6-month follow-up, and were no less important than when exposure was conducted in vivo. All predictors significantly correlated (p < .001) with the two measures of treatment outcome. Further analyses of cognitive mechanism measures predicting treatment outcomes revealed that, when controlling for shared variance, changes in perceived likelihood and in self-efficacy contributed significantly to patients’ improvement, whereas the role of perceived consequences was only a predictor of self-efficacy. © 2025, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.
2.
Dugas, M. J.; Francis, K.; Bouchard, S.
Cognitive behavioural therapy and applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder: A time series analysis of change in worry and somatic anxiety Article de journal
Dans: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 38, no 1, p. 29–41, 2009, ISSN: 16512316 (ISSN).
Résumé | Liens | BibTeX | Étiquettes: adult, Anxiety Disorders, article, clinical article, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, disease association, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, Humans, male, mental stress, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, psychoanalysis, Psychometrics, randomized controlled trial, Relaxation Therapy, relaxation training, Single-case designs, somatoform disorder, Somatoform Disorders, Symptom change profiles, symptomatology, time series analysis, Treatment mechanisms, treatment outcome, treatment response
@article{dugas_cognitive_2009,
title = {Cognitive behavioural therapy and applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder: A time series analysis of change in worry and somatic anxiety},
author = {M. J. Dugas and K. Francis and S. Bouchard},
url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61549090786&doi=10.1080%2f16506070802473221&partnerID=40&md5=78e775f09aa9806132cd1335ffef92b6},
doi = {10.1080/16506070802473221},
issn = {16512316 (ISSN)},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive Behaviour Therapy},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {29–41},
abstract = {The present study examined symptom change profiles in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) receiving either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or applied relaxation (AR). It was hypothesized that (a) changes in worry would uniquely predict changes in somatic anxiety for most participants receiving CBT and (b) changes in somatic anxiety would uniquely predict changes in worry for most participants in the AR condition. Twenty participants (CBT n = 10; AR n = 10) completed daily ratings of worry and somatic anxiety during therapy, and multivariate time series analysis was used to assess the causal impact of each variable on the other. The hypotheses were not supported because we found no evidence of a match between individual symptom change profiles and treatment condition. Rather, a bidirectional relationship between worry and somatic anxiety was observed in 80% of participants receiving CBT and 70% of participants receiving AR. When only treatment responders were considered, 83% of participants receiving CBT and 86% of those receiving AR had such a bidirectional effect. The findings are discussed in terms of models of psychopathology that posit dynamic interactions between symptom clusters and in terms of the value of examining treatment mechanisms at the individual level.},
keywords = {adult, Anxiety Disorders, article, clinical article, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, disease association, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, Humans, male, mental stress, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Personality Inventory, psychoanalysis, Psychometrics, randomized controlled trial, Relaxation Therapy, relaxation training, Single-case designs, somatoform disorder, Somatoform Disorders, Symptom change profiles, symptomatology, time series analysis, Treatment mechanisms, treatment outcome, treatment response},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The present study examined symptom change profiles in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) receiving either cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) or applied relaxation (AR). It was hypothesized that (a) changes in worry would uniquely predict changes in somatic anxiety for most participants receiving CBT and (b) changes in somatic anxiety would uniquely predict changes in worry for most participants in the AR condition. Twenty participants (CBT n = 10; AR n = 10) completed daily ratings of worry and somatic anxiety during therapy, and multivariate time series analysis was used to assess the causal impact of each variable on the other. The hypotheses were not supported because we found no evidence of a match between individual symptom change profiles and treatment condition. Rather, a bidirectional relationship between worry and somatic anxiety was observed in 80% of participants receiving CBT and 70% of participants receiving AR. When only treatment responders were considered, 83% of participants receiving CBT and 86% of those receiving AR had such a bidirectional effect. The findings are discussed in terms of models of psychopathology that posit dynamic interactions between symptom clusters and in terms of the value of examining treatment mechanisms at the individual level.