@article{ikic_reduction_2017,

title = {Reduction in costs after treating comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder},

author = {V. Ikic and C. Bélanger and S. Bouchard and P. Gosselin and F. Langlois and J. Labrecque and M. J. Dugas and A. Marchand},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018690998&partnerID=40&md5=0d0600e6dd4e2a381f733ac063d639dc},

issn = {10914358},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics},

volume = {20},

number = {1},

pages = {11–20},

abstract = {Background: Panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are impairing and costly disorders that are often misdiagnosed and left untreated despite multiple consultations. These disorders frequently co-occur, but little is known about the costs associated with their comorbidity and the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on cost reduction. Aims of the Study: The first objective of this study was to assess the mental health-related costs associated with the specific concomitance of PDA and GAD. The second aim was to determine whether there is a reduction in direct and indirect mental healthrelated costs following conventional CBT for the primary disorder only (PDA or GAD) or combined CBT adapted to the comorbidity (PDA and GAD). Methods: A total of 123 participants with a double diagnosis of PDA and GAD participated in this study. Direct and indirect mental health-related costs were assessed and calculated from a societal perspective at the pre-Test, the post-Test, and the three-month, sixmonth and one-year follow-ups. Results: At the pre-Test, PDA-GAD comorbidity was found to generate a mean total cost of CAD2,000.48 (SD = 2,069.62) per participant over a three-month period. The indirect costs were much higher than the direct costs. Both treatment modalities led to significant and similar decreases in all cost categories from the pretest to the post-Test. This reduction was maintained until the oneyear follow-up. Discussion: Methodological choices may have underestimated cost evaluations. Nonetheless, this study supports the cost offset effects of both conventional CBT for primary PDA or GAD and combined CBT for PDA-GAD comorbidity. Implications for Healthcare Provision and Use: Treatment of comorbid and costly disorders with evidence-based treatments such as CBT may lead to considerable economic benefits for society. Implications for Health Policies: Considering the limited resources of healthcare systems, it is important to make choices that will lead to better accessibility of quality services. The application of CBT for PDA, GAD or both disorders and training mental health professionals in this therapeutic approach should be encouraged. Additionally, it would be favorable for insurance plans to reimburse employees for expenses associated with psychological treatment for anxiety disorders. Implications for Further Research: In addition to symptom reduction, it would be of great pertinence to explore which factors can contribute to reducing direct and indirect mental health-related costs. © 2017 ICMPE.},

note = {Publisher: ICMPE},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, article, cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy, comorbidity, controlled study, dysthymia, economics, female, follow up, generalized anxiety disorder, health care cost, Health Care Costs, human, Humans, major clinical study, major depression, male, Mental health, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic, Panic Disorder, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder, procedures, Quebec, social phobia, statistics and numerical data},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{cousineau_insomnia_2016,

title = {Insomnia symptoms following treatment for comorbid panic disorder with agoraphobia and generalized anxiety disorder},

author = {H. Cousineau and A. Marchand and S. Bouchard and C. Bélanger and P. Gosselin and F. Langlois and J. Labrecque and M. J. Dugas and G. Belleville},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962128029&doi=10.1097%2fNMD.0000000000000466&partnerID=40&md5=2ca2dd82c29553bd7377ba64dd5522cc},

doi = {10.1097/NMD.0000000000000466},

issn = {00223018},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease},

volume = {204},

number = {4},

pages = {267–273},

abstract = {Patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) frequently also suffer from insomnia. However, the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders on insomnia has been understudied. Furthermore, comorbidity between anxiety disorders is common. Our main objective was to assess the impact of CBT for PDA or GAD on insomnia. In a quasi-experimental design, 86 participants with PDA and GAD received conventional CBT for their primary disorder or combined CBT for both disorders. Overall, CBTs had a significant impact on reducing insomnia symptoms (η2 = 0.58). However, among people with insomnia at pretest (67%), 33% still had an insomnia diagnosis, and the majority (63%) had clinically significant residual insomnia following treatment. In conclusion, the CBTs had a positive effect on the reduction of insomnia, but a significant proportion of participants still had insomnia problems following treatment. Clinicians should address insomnia during CBT for PDA and GAD. Copyright © 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

note = {Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, antidepressant agent, Anxiety Disorders, anxiolytic agent, article, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, Combined Modality Therapy, comorbidity, comparative study, controlled study, Depression, disease severity, female, generalized anxiety disorder, human, Humans, hypnotic agent, insomnia, major clinical study, male, Middle Aged, multicenter study, multimodality cancer therapy, nocturnal panic attack, panic, Panic Disorder, panic disorder with agoraphobia, patient worry, procedures, psychoeducation, psychology, psychotropic agent, Psychotropic Drugs, quasi experimental study, Quebec, randomized controlled trial, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, statistical significance, treatment outcome, wakefulness, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{perreault_perspective_2015,

title = {Perspective of peer helpers regarding their experience animating a self-treatment program for panic disorders [Perspective de pairs aidants sur leur expérience d’animation d’un programme d’autotraitement du trouble panique]},

author = {M. Perreault and S. Bouchard and M. Lapalme and A. Laverdure and D. Audet and J. -C. Cusson and C. Zacchia and D. Milton and M. S. Tion and M. Chartier-Otis and A. Marchand and C. Bélanger},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945341002&doi=10.7202%2f1032381ar&partnerID=40&md5=44a912fa4c8a0c927f7f1bf70d0381d7},

doi = {10.7202/1032381ar},

issn = {03836320},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Sante Mentale au Quebec},

volume = {40},

number = {1},

pages = {35–51},

abstract = {Objective: Support groups can help to reach individuals with anxiety disorders who are not or are only partly obtaining health services. The present study is based on a program that involves peer helpers as animators of a selftreatment group (Zéro-ATAQ). Their perspective has been documented in order to identify the aspects of the program which can be improved. Methods: Eleven peer helpers led the 12 sessions of the program, which was dispensed in four regions of Quebec for 32 persons having panic disorders with agoraphobia. The perspectives of ten peer animators were documented based on a semi-structured interview that took place at the end of the program, and a focus group that was held over six months later with peer animators from each of the groups. Their comments were transcribed and a thematic content analysis was conducted. Results: All of the peer helper animators reported that they enjoyed participating in the program, that they appreciated being able to help others having an anxiety disorder, and that the program helped them in their role as animators of these types of activities. Nearly all of the peer helpers emphasized the importance of being able to count on the supervision of a professional when needed. Conclusion: This study revealed (1) the feasibility of implementing a program of this kind in partnership with peers, (2) the qualifications necessary to lead this type of program, (3) the requirements in terms of training and available material, and (4) the importance of supervision. © Département de psychiatrie de l’Université de Montréal, 2015.},

note = {Publisher: Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec SMQ},

keywords = {agoraphobia, Canada, female, human, Humans, male, Panic Disorder, peer group, Quebec, self help, Self-Help Groups},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{primiano_effect_2014,

title = {The Effect of a Combined Versus a Conventional Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Quality of Life for Comorbid Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Preliminary Results},

author = {S. Primiano and A. Marchand and P. Gosselin and F. Langlois and S. Bouchard and C. Bélanger and J. Labrecque and M. Dugas and G. Dupuis},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899643099&doi=10.1177%2f0145445513504430&partnerID=40&md5=8ea3eebff362c2fb683ba62935b9e2c9},

doi = {10.1177/0145445513504430},

issn = {01454455},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Behavior Modification},

volume = {38},

number = {1},

pages = {3–24},

abstract = {Concurrent panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are the most common diagnostic occurrences among anxiety disorders. This particular comorbidity is associated with significant impairments in quality of life (QOL). The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of a combined cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy that addressed both conditions compared with a conventional psychotherapy, which attends solely to the primary disorder. The hypotheses postulated firstly, that both treatment conditions would lead to improvements in participants' QOL and secondly, that the combined therapy would lead to greater QOL ameliorations. Twenty-five participants with comorbid PDA/GAD diagnoses were evaluated with a number of clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires, and were provided with either conventional or combined cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, which consisted of 14 one-hour weekly sessions. Participants were once again evaluated in the same fashion 2-weeks after the completion of the psychotherapy. The results revealed that both conditions led to significant improvements in participants' QOL, but that the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of the effect on QOL. The results also reveal that the two conditions did not significantly differ in terms of their effect on PDA and GAD symptomatology or psychiatric comorbidity. The results demonstrate that the combined psychotherapy, which addresses both conditions simultaneously, is similar to the conventional psychotherapy employed for the primary disorder in terms of QOL enhancement, symptom severity, and comorbidity reduction. © The Author(s) 2013.},

note = {Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, agoraphobia, Anxiety Disorders, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, comparative study, complication, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, female, human, Humans, male, Middle Aged, multicenter study, Panic Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, psychological rating scale, quality of life, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{katzman_canadian_2014,

title = {Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders},

author = {M. A. Katzman and P. Bleau and P. Blier and P. Chokka and K. Kjernisted and M. Van Ameringen and M. M. Antony and S. Bouchard and A. Brunet and M. Flament and K. Rabheru and S. Grigoriadis and P. M. A. Richter and S. Mendlowitz and K. O'Connor and M. Robichaud and J. R. Walker and G. Asmundson and L. R. Klassen and R. W. Lam and R. S. McIntyre and I. Szpindel},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84903778611&doi=10.1186%2f1471-244X-14-S1-S1&partnerID=40&md5=4787fc6f97c204c1428770a5e4a57a00},

doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-14-S1-S1},

issn = {1471244X (ISSN)},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {BMC Psychiatry},

volume = {14},

number = {SUPPL.1},

abstract = {Background: Anxiety and related disorders are among the most common mental disorders, with lifetime prevalence reportedly as high as 31%. Unfortunately, anxiety disorders are under-diagnosed and under-treated.Methods: These guidelines were developed by Canadian experts in anxiety and related disorders through a consensus process. Data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment (psychological and pharmacological) were obtained through MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and manual searches (1980-2012). Treatment strategies were rated on strength of evidence, and a clinical recommendation for each intervention was made, based on global impression of efficacy, effectiveness, and side effects, using a modified version of the periodic health examination guidelines.Results: These guidelines are presented in 10 sections, including an introduction, principles of diagnosis and management, six sections (Sections 3 through 8) on the specific anxiety-related disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder), and two additional sections on special populations (children/adolescents, pregnant/lactating women, and the elderly) and clinical issues in patients with comorbid conditions.Conclusions: Anxiety and related disorders are very common in clinical practice, and frequently comorbid with other psychiatric and medical conditions. Optimal management requires a good understanding of the efficacy and side effect profiles of pharmacological and psychological treatments. © 2014 Katzman et al.},

note = {Publisher: BioMed Central Ltd.},

keywords = {agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, benzodiazepine derivative, buspirone, Canada, clinical trial, clomipramine, comorbidity, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, fluvoxamine maleate, GAD, generalized anxiety disorder, guidelines, human, Humans, obsessive compulsive disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, OCD, panic, Panic Disorder, paroxetine, periodic medical examination, pharmacotherapy, Post-Traumatic, posttraumatic stress disorder, practice guideline, Practice Guidelines as Topic, psychotherapy, PTSD, recommendations, review, sertraline, social anxiety disorder, social phobia, special populations, Specific phobia, Stress Disorders, venlafaxine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{perreault_panic_2009,

title = {Panic with agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder: Resort to peer helping and access to treatment [Trouble panique avec agoraphobie et trouble d'anxiété sociale: Recours aux pairs-aidants et accès au traitement]},

author = {M. Perreault and M. Chartier-Otis and C. Bélanger and A. Marchand and C. Zacchia and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649784309&doi=10.7202%2f029767ar&partnerID=40&md5=6a154fdae05cf2bff0cfbeae2c79d87e},

doi = {10.7202/029767ar},

issn = {03836320},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {Sante Mentale au Quebec},

volume = {34},

number = {1},

pages = {187–198},

note = {Publisher: Revue Sante Mentale au Quebec SMQ},

keywords = {agoraphobia, Anxiety disorder, Anxiety Disorders, article, Canada, health care delivery, Health Services Accessibility, human, Humans, panic, Panic Disorder, Quebec, Social Behavior Disorders, sociopathy, United States},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchard_temporal_2007,

title = {Temporal relationship between dysfunctional beliefs, self-efficacy and panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia},

author = {S. Bouchard and J. Gauthier and A. Nouwen and H. Ivers and A. Vallières and S. Simard and T. Fournier},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34447561574&doi=10.1016%2fj.jbtep.2006.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=8f563e24b9c604c9a3b1361da1f84bf4},

doi = {10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.08.002},

issn = {00057916},

year  = {2007},

date = {2007-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry},

volume = {38},

number = {3},

pages = {275–292},

abstract = {The aim of this study is to assess if changes in dysfunctional beliefs and self-efficacy precede changes in panic apprehension in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Subjects participated in a larger study comparing the effectiveness of cognitive restructuring and exposure. Four variables were measured: (a) the strength of each subject's main belief toward the consequence of a panic attack; (b) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic body sensations; (c) perceived self-efficacy to control a panic attack in the presence of panicogenic thoughts; and (d) the level of panic apprehension of a panic attack. Variables were recorded daily on a "0" to "100" scale using category partitioning. Multivariate time series analysis and "causality testing" showed that, for all participants, cognitive changes preceded changes in the level of panic apprehension. Important individual differences were observed in the contribution of each variable to the prediction of change in panic apprehension. Changes in apprehension were preceded by changes in belief in three cases, by changes in self-efficacy in six cases, and by changes in both belief and self-efficacy in the remaining three cases. This pattern was observed in participants in the exposure condition as well as those in the cognitive restructuring condition. These results provide more empirical support to the hypothesis that cognitive changes precede improvement. They also underlie the importance of individual differences in the process of change. Finally, this study does not support the hypothesis that exposure and cognitive restructuring operate through different mechanisms, namely a behavioral one and a cognitive one. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {adult, agoraphobia, article, Aversive Therapy, behavior therapy, Circadian Rhythm, clinical article, cognition, Cognition Disorders, cognitive therapy, controlled study, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, female, Health Status, human, Humans, Individuality, male, Medical Records, Models, panic, Panic Disorder, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological, Self Concept, Self Efficacy, Sensation, Time Factors, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{vincelli_virtual_2002,

title = {Virtual reality assisted cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of panic disorders with agoraphobia},

author = {F. Vincelli and H. Choi and E. Molinari and B. K. Wiederhold and S. Bouchard and G. Riva},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-6944229623&doi=10.3233%2f978-1-60750-929-5-552&partnerID=40&md5=607d14f3f5aad82e9c92e73845639d83},

doi = {10.3233/978-1-60750-929-5-552},

issn = {09269630},

year  = {2002},

date = {2002-01-01},

journal = {Studies in Health Technology and Informatics},

volume = {85},

pages = {552–559},

abstract = {The chapter describes the characteristics of the Experiential-Cognitive Therapy (ECT) protocol for Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia. The goal of ECT is to decondition fear reactions, to modify misinterpretational cognition related to panic symptoms and to reduce anxiety symptoms. This is possible in an average of eight sessions of treatment plus an assessment phase and booster sessions, through the integration of Virtual Experience and traditional cognitive-behavioral techniques. We decided to employ the techniques included in the cognitive-behavioral approach because they showed high levels of efficacy. Through virtual environments we can gradually expose the patient to feared situation: virtual reality consent to re-create in our clinical office a real experiential world. The patient faces the feared stimuli in a context that is nearer to reality than imagination. For ECT we developed the Virtual Environments for Panic Disorders-VEPD-virtual reality system. VEPD is a 4-zone virtual environment developed using the Superscape VRT 5.6 toolkit. The four zones reproduce different potentially fearful situations - an elevator, a supermarket, a subway ride, and large square. In each zone the characteristics of the anxiety-related experience are defined by the therapist through a setup menu. © 2002, The authors.},

note = {ISBN: 1586032038; 9781586032036 

Place: Newport Beach, CA 

Publisher: IOS Press},

keywords = {agoraphobia, article, Assessment phase, behavior therapy, Behavioral approaches, cognitive therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapies, computer assisted therapy, computer interface, Computer-Assisted, Desensitization, Fear, human, Humans, Large squares, outcome assessment, Outcome Assessment (Health Care), panic, Panic Disorder, problem based learning, Problem-Based Learning, Psychologic, Social Environment, Therapy, User-Computer Interface, virtual reality, Virtual reality system},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}