@article{banville_using_2023,

title = {Using Virtual Reality to Improve Nurses’ Students’ Clinical Surveillance in a Critical Care Context: A Psychological Perspective on Learning},

author = {F. Banville and D. Milhomme and A. Perron and J. Pinard and J. Houle and D. Therrien and G. Peguero-Rodriguez and S. Charette and B. -A. Ménélas and M. Trépanier and S. Bouchard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182468511&partnerID=40&md5=65f6f32f45ade940105c06386edd7a1c},

issn = {15548716},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Annual Review of CyberTherapy and Telemedicine},

volume = {21},

pages = {245–251},

abstract = {Nurse’s clinical judgement is important to provide optimal and safe care, particularly in a critical care unit. Clinical surveillance is an activity that nurses use every day and which requires crucial components to manage patients' risk of complications. To carry out this process, several cognitive functions and psychological attitudes are needed such as information and attention processing, judgement, decision-making, stress, and anxiety regulation. Since 2018, Milhomme, Banville et al. have been working to develop a Virtual Care Unit (VCU), using immersive virtual reality, intended to train future nurses to improve their competence towards clinical surveillance process skills. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study was to determine the pertinence to use VCU simulation with graduating nurses’ students to improve clinical surveillance skills in a critical care context. Thirteen nursing students were recruited to test the scenario through the VCU. Participants were instructed to carry surveillance process on a specific patient who suffer of an instability after a surgery. An interview guide of 11 questions was used for the data collection. The results show there are 10 facilitating and 9 restricting factors in the VCU that may play a role in nursing students’ learning clinical surveillance processes. Among these elements, four of them have an important link with a psychological perspective: 1) sense of presence; 2) cybersickness; 3) reflexive environment; 4) stress reduction. Results show an important contribution of several cognitive function in the clinical surveillance process learning by the virtual reality technology. © 2023, Interactive Media Institute. All rights reserved.},

note = {Publisher: Interactive Media Institute},

keywords = {article, clinical monitoring, cognition, controlled study, cybersickness, female, human, human experiment, intensive care, intensive care unit, interview, male, normal human, nursing student, psychological aspect, qualitative analysis, qualitative research, recovery room, skill, virtual reality},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{plouffe-demers_facial_2022,

title = {Facial Expression of Pain: Sex Differences in the Discrimination of Varying Intensities},

author = {M. -P. Plouffe-Demers and C. Saumure and D. Fiset and S. Cormier and C. Blais},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138214204&doi=10.1037%2femo0001156&partnerID=40&md5=d5063c7ab05722c16694952ac5d53027},

doi = {10.1037/emo0001156},

issn = {15283542 (ISSN)},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Emotion},

volume = {23},

number = {5},

pages = {1254–1266},

abstract = {It has been proposed that women are better than men at recognizing emotions and pain experienced by others. They have also been shown to be more sensitive to variations in pain expressions. The objective of the present study was to explore the perceptual basis of these sexual differences by comparing the visual information used by men and women to discriminate between different intensities of pain facial expressions. Using the data-driven Bubbles method, we were able to corroborate the woman advantage in the discrimination of pain intensities that did not appear to be explained by variations in empathic tendencies. In terms of visual strategies, our results do not indicate any qualitative differences in the facial regions used by men and women. However, they suggest that women rely on larger regions of the face that seems to completely mediate their advantage. This utilization of larger clusters could indicate either that women integrate simultaneously and more efficiently information coming from different areas of the face or that they are more flexible in the utilization of the information present in these clusters. Women would then opt for a more holistic or flexible processing of the facial information, while men would rely on a specific yet rigid integration strategy. © 2022 American Psychological Association},

note = {Publisher: American Psychological Association},

keywords = {adult, article, controlled study, data-driven methods, effect size, Empathy, Facial Expression, facial expressions, female, human, human experiment, information processing, male, normal human, Pain, pain intensity, qualitative research, sample size, sex difference, sex differences, vision, visual acuity, visual information, Visual Perception},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{roy_efficient_2015,

title = {Efficient information for recognizing pain in facial expressions},

author = {C. Roy and C. Blais and D. Fiset and P. Rainville and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929122739&doi=10.1002%2fejp.676&partnerID=40&md5=027f6da7b6d5c98c86de6a07766fb83d},

doi = {10.1002/ejp.676},

issn = {10903801 (ISSN)},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Pain (United Kingdom)},

volume = {19},

number = {6},

pages = {852–860},

abstract = {Background The face as a visual stimulus is a reliable source of information for judging the pain experienced by others. Until now, most studies investigating the facial expression of pain have used a descriptive method (i.e. Facial Action Coding System). However, the facial features that are relevant for the observer in the identification of the expression of pain remain largely unknown despite the strong medical impact that misjudging pain can have on patients' well-being. Methods Here, we investigated this question by applying the Bubbles method. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to categorize facial expressions (the six basic emotions, pain and neutrality) displayed in stimuli obtained from a previously validated set and presented for 500 ms each. To determine the critical areas of the face used in this categorization task, the faces were partly masked based on random sampling of regions of the stimuli at different spatial frequency ranges. Results Results show that accurate pain discrimination relies mostly on the frown lines and the mouth. Finally, an ideal observer analysis indicated that the use of the frown lines in human observers could not be attributed to the objective 'informativeness' of this area. Conclusions Based on a recent study suggesting that this area codes for the affective dimension of pain, we propose that the visual system has evolved to focus primarily on the facial cues that signal the aversiveness of pain, consistent with the social role of facial expressions in the communication of potential threats. © 2015 European Pain Federation-EFIC®.},

keywords = {anger, article, association, Classification, Cues, disgust, emotion, Emotions, Facial Expression, Fear, female, happiness, human, human experiment, Humans, male, nociception, normal human, Pain, pain assessment, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, photostimulation, physiology, priority journal, procedures, random sample, reproducibility, Reproducibility of Results, sadness, statistical significance, Visual, visual information, visual stimulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{joyal_virtual_2014,

title = {Virtual faces expressing emotions: An initial concomitant and construct validity study},

author = {C. C. Joyal and L. Jacob and M. -H. Cigna and J. -P. Guay and P. Renaud},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84933679803&doi=10.3389%2ffnhum.2014.00787&partnerID=40&md5=c51b26765fb1e2152cede99adcd519b0},

doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2014.00787},

issn = {16625161},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience},

volume = {8},

number = {SEP},

pages = {1–6},

abstract = {Objectives: The goal of this study was to initially assess concomitants and construct validity of a newly developed set of virtual faces expressing six fundamental emotions (happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear, and disgust). Recognition rates, facial electromyography (zygomatic major and corrugator supercilii muscles), and regional gaze fixation latencies (eyes and mouth regions) were compared in 41 adult volunteers (20 ♂, 21 ♀) during the presentation of video clips depicting real vs. virtual adults expressing emotions. Background: Facial expressions of emotions represent classic stimuli for the studyofsocial cognition. Developing virtual dynamic facial expressions ofemotions, however, would open-up possibilities, both for fundamental and clinical research. For instance, virtual faces allow real-time Human–Computer retroactions between physiological measures and the virtual agent. Results: Emotions expressed by each set of stimuli were similarly recognized, both by men and women. Accordingly, both sets of stimuli elicited similar activation of facial muscles and similar ocular fixation times in eye regions from man and woman participants. Conclusion: Further validation studies can be performed with these virtual faces among clinical populations known to present social cognition difficulties. Brain–Computer Interface studies with feedback–feedforward interactions based on facial emotion expressions can also be conducted with these stimuli. © 2014 Joyal, Jacob, Cigna, Guay and Renaud.},

note = {Publisher: Frontiers Media S. A.},

keywords = {adult, anger, article, computer program, construct validity, corrugator supercilii muscle, disgust, Electromyography, emotion, emotionality, face muscle, Facial Expression, Fear, female, gaze, happiness, human, human experiment, male, Middle Aged, muscle contraction, normal human, positive feedback, sadness, surprise, task performance, virtual reality, Young Adult, zygomatic major muscle},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{dennis_pilot_2014,

title = {A pilot development of virtual stimuli depicting affective dispositions for penile plethysmography assessment of sex offenders},

author = {E. Dennis and J. -L. Rouleau and P. Renaud and K. Nolet and C. Saumur},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938522255&doi=10.3138%2fcjhs.2529&partnerID=40&md5=43cf6631bb2cd619ca0d049ae3a3b093},

doi = {10.3138/cjhs.2529},

issn = {11884517 (ISSN)},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality},

volume = {23},

number = {3},

pages = {200–208},

abstract = {There are concerns regarding the reliability, realism, and validity of stimulus materials used in the assessment of sexual interests among sex offenders. This article explores new stimulus materials for use with penile plethysmography (PPG) assessments. First, this paper presents a pilot study where undergraduate students rated virtual characters (male and female) on perceived age. In addition, the materials developed are unique in that they depict the characters exhibiting varying affective dispositions, including neutral, fearful, sad, joyful, and seductive. Participants in the first study were also asked to identify the affective disposition of the virtual characters, and results suggest that affective disposition was largely perceived as intended, especially in terms of identifying the general emotional valence of the affective dispositions (i.e., positive versus negative). In a second pilot study, we used the computer-generated images to measure sexual arousal responses in a group of non-deviant males recruited in the community. Responses measured through penile plethysmography suggest participants responded to the stimuli as expected, as the greatest amount of sexual arousal was recorded when participants were shown the adult female character. In addition, participants responded with significant arousal only when the adult female character was depicted as sexually open (joyful or seductive), rather than sexually closed or neutral. Results suggest these materials may discriminate sexual interests if applied within clinical forensic assessment of sex offenders. © 2014 by the Sex Information and Education Council of Canada.},

note = {Publisher: University of Toronto Press Inc.},

keywords = {adult, Affect, affective disposition, article, assessment, computer program, Facial Expression, Fear, female, happiness, heterosexuality, human, human experiment, male, normal human, penile blood flow, penile plethysmography, pilot study, Plethysmography, sadness, sex offenders, sexual arousal, Sexual Behavior, sexual crime, sexual orientation, undergraduate student, virtual reality, Virtual stimuli},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_human_2013,

title = {Human visual processing oscillates: Evidence from a classification image technique},

author = {C. Blais and M. Arguin and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879014749&doi=10.1016%2fj.cognition.2013.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=c2d20982fa4a5c46b9d99d2912284ff6},

doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2013.04.009},

issn = {00100277},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Cognition},

volume = {128},

number = {3},

pages = {353–362},

abstract = {Recent investigations have proposed that visual information may be sampled in a discrete manner, similarly to the snapshots of a camera, but this hypothesis remains controversial. Moreover, assuming a discrete sampling of information, the properties of this sampling-for instance, the frequency at which it operates, and how it synchronizes with the environment-still need to be clarified. We systematically modulated the signal-to-noise ratio of faces through time and examined how it impacted face identification performance. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis of discrete sampling. Furthermore, they suggest that this mechanism may operate at a rate of about 10-15. Hz and that it is synchronized with the onset of the stimulus. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.},

keywords = {amplitude modulation, article, Face, female, human, human experiment, Humans, male, normal human, oscillation, Oscillations, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, priority journal, reaction time, signal noise ratio, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, stimulus response, Temporal processing, vision, Visual, visual acuity, Visual Perception, Visual sampling, visual stimulation},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_eyes_2012,

title = {The eyes are not the window to basic emotions},

author = {C. Blais and C. Roy and D. Fiset and M. Arguin and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865829171&doi=10.1016%2fj.neuropsychologia.2012.08.010&partnerID=40&md5=8a46d347f96ea9bd94bd161b6f1e8b92},

doi = {10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.08.010},

issn = {00283932},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Neuropsychologia},

volume = {50},

number = {12},

pages = {2830–2838},

abstract = {Facial expressions are one of the most important ways to communicate our emotional state. In popular culture and in the scientific literature on face processing, the eye area is often conceived as a very important - if not the most important - cue for the recognition of facial expressions. In support of this, an underutilization of the eye area is often observed in clinical populations with a deficit in the recognition of facial expressions of emotions. Here, we used the Bubbles technique to verify which facial cue is the most important when it comes to discriminating between eight static and dynamic facial expressions (i.e., six basic emotions, pain and a neutral expression). We found that the mouth area is the most important cue for both static and dynamic facial expressions. We conducted an ideal observer analysis on the static expressions and determined that the mouth area is the most informative. However, we found an underutilization of the eye area by human participants in comparison to the ideal observer. We then demonstrated that the mouth area contains the most discriminative motions across expressions. We propose that the greater utilization of the mouth area by the human participants might come from remnants of the strategy the brain has developed with dynamic stimuli, and/or from a strategy whereby the most informative area is prioritized due to the limited capacity of the visuo-cognitive system. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.},

keywords = {adult, analytic method, article, association, association cortex, cognition, Cues, Discrimination (Psychology), discriminative stimulus, dynamic stimulus, emotion, Emotions, Eye, Facial Expression, female, Fixation, human, human experiment, Humans, male, Mouth, normal human, Ocular, Pattern Recognition, Photic Stimulation, static stimulus, task performance, Visual, visual discrimination, visual information, visual memory, visual system function, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{bouchard_using_2012,

title = {Using biofeedback while immersed in a stressful videogame increases the effectiveness of stress management skills in soldiers},

author = {S. Bouchard and F. Bernier and E. Boivin and B. Morin and G. Robillard},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860485827&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0036169&partnerID=40&md5=4b29a984169d2fe12d54f4c562344723},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0036169},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {7},

number = {4},

abstract = {This study assessed the efficacy of using visual and auditory biofeedback while immersed in a tridimensional videogame to practice a stress management skill (tactical breathing). All 41 participants were soldiers who had previously received basic stress management training and first aid training in combat. On the first day, they received a 15-minute refresher briefing and were randomly assigned to either: (a) no additional stress management training (SMT) for three days, or (b) 30-minute sessions (one per day for three days) of biofeedback-assisted SMT while immersed in a horror/first-person shooter game. The training was performed in a dark and enclosed environment using a 50-inch television with active stereoscopic display and loudspeakers. On the last day, all participants underwent a live simulated ambush with an improvised explosive device, where they had to provide first aid to a wounded soldier. Stress levels were measured with salivary cortisol collected when waking-up, before and after the live simulation. Stress was also measured with heart rate at baseline, during an apprehension phase, and during the live simulation. Repeated-measure ANOVAs and ANCOVAs confirmed that practicing SMT was effective in reducing stress. Results are discussed in terms of the advantages of the proposed program for military personnel and the need to practice SMT. © 2012 Bouchard et al.},

keywords = {adult, Arousal, article, Biofeedback, clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, controlled study, explosion, feedback system, first aid, Heart Rate, human, human experiment, Humans, Hydrocortisone, male, mental stress, metabolism, methodology, Military Personnel, military phenomena, normal human, pathophysiology, Psychological, psychological aspect, psychology, Psychophysiology, randomized controlled trial, recreation, Saliva, saliva level, simulation, soldier, Stress, Stress management, Video Games},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{borroni_mirroring_2011,

title = {Mirroring avatars: Dissociation of action and intention in human motor resonance},

author = {P. Borroni and A. Gorini and G. Riva and S. Bouchard and G. Cerri},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051665149&doi=10.1111%2fj.1460-9568.2011.07779.x&partnerID=40&md5=494f999536343221a7d035e8548b5f00},

doi = {10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07779.x},

issn = {0953816X},

year  = {2011},

date = {2011-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Neuroscience},

volume = {34},

number = {4},

pages = {662–669},

abstract = {Observation of others' actions induces a subliminal activation of motor pathways (motor resonance) that is mediated by the mirror neuron system and reflects the motor program encoding the observed action. Whether motor resonance represents the movements composing an action or also its motor intention remains of debate, as natural actions implicitly contain their motor intentions. Here, action and intention are dissociated using a natural and an impossible action with the same grasping intention: subjects observe an avatar grasping a ball using either a natural hand action ('palmar' finger flexion) or an impossible hand action ('dorsal' finger flexion). Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs), elicited by single transcranial magnetic stimulation of the hand area in the primary motor cortex, were used to measure the excitability modulation of motor pathways during observation of the two different hand actions. MEPs were recorded from the opponens pollicis (OP), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles. A significant MEP facilitation was found in the OP, during observation of the grasping phase of the natural action; MEPs in the ADM were facilitated during observation of the hand opening phase of the natural action and of both opening and grasping phases of the impossible action. MEPs in the ECR were not affected. As different resonant responses are elicited by the observation of the two different actions, despite their identical intention, we conclude that the mirror neuron system cannot utilize the observer's subliminal motor program in the primary motor cortex to encode action intentions. © 2011 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.},

keywords = {abductor digiti minimi muscle, adult, article, controlled study, evoked muscle response, Evoked Potentials, extensor carpi radialis muscle, female, hand movement, hand muscle, human, human experiment, Humans, male, Mirror Neurons, Motor, Motor Cortex, motor resonance, motor system, Movement, normal human, observation, opponens pollicis muscle, primary motor cortex, priority journal, transcranial magnetic stimulation, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{blais_reading_2009,

title = {Reading between eye saccades},

author = {C. Blais and D. Fiset and M. Arguin and P. Jolicoeur and D. Bub and F. Gosselin},

url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68149091880&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0006448&partnerID=40&md5=661dc6218ea707a1934bf90a66d57051},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0006448},

issn = {19326203},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

journal = {PLoS ONE},

volume = {4},

number = {7},

abstract = {Background: Skilled adult readers, in contrast to beginners, show no or little increase in reading latencies as a function of the number of letters in words up to seven letters. The information extraction strategy underlying such efficiency in word identification is still largely unknown, and methods that allow tracking of the letter information extraction through time between eye saccades are needed to fully address this question. Methodology/Principal Findings: The present study examined the use of letter information during reading, by means of the Bubbles technique. Ten participants each read 5,000 five-letter French words sampled in space-time within a 200 ms window. On the temporal dimension, our results show that two moments are especially important during the information extraction process. On the spatial dimension, we found a bias for the upper half of words. We also show for the first time that letter positions four, one, and three are particularly important for the identification of five-letter words. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings are consistent with either a partially parallel reading strategy or an optimal serial reading strategy. We show using computer simulations that this serial reading strategy predicts an absence of a word-length effect for words from four- to seven letters in length. We believe that the Bubbles technique will play an important role in further examining the nature of reading between eye saccades. © 2009 Blais et al.},

keywords = {adult, article, Computer Simulation, eye tracking, human, human experiment, Humans, letter, normal human, Reading, Saccades, saccadic eye movement, skill, spatial discrimination, task performance, visual stimulation, word recognition},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}